Abstract
This paper is a product of mathematics teaching developmental research projects based on establishing communities of inquiry comprising schoolteachers working at all grades and university-based teacher educator/researchers (didacticians). The projects are established on the principle that teachers taking an inquiry stance in their practice can assert their agency to develop their teaching to enable improved learning experiences for their students. The educational context and the societal pressure to develop mathematics teaching in Norway where the projects were implemented are described. A case study of a group of upper secondary teachers who are working together with didacticians within the topic of algebra is briefly outlined. A descriptive analysis of the case calls into question the fundamental developmental principles upon which the projects are established. Teaching is observed to exist in alignment to regular practice through the interaction of strong constitutional, institutional, social and professional forces, which inquiry alone appears unable to realign. Teaching development occurs through a gradual extrapolation of practice as teachers implement approaches that they learn from the experience of others and imagine into their own practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Such errors in algebra are well documented in the literature, as discussed for example by Hewitt (2012).
In the quotations pseudonyms are used for teachers and didacticians. Analysis is carried out in the original language, illustrative quotes are translated by the author. Text in square brackets has been added to improve sense, italic script is used as explanatory text.
This is reported by Jørgensen, Steinsland and Solheim (2007). Unfortunately space prevents presentation of this contrasting case here.
References
Artigue, M. (2009). Didactical design in mathematics education. In C. Winslow (Ed.), Nordic research in mathematics education. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Berg, C. V., Fuglestad, A. B., Goodchild, S., & Sriraman, B. (2012). Mediated action in teachers’ discussions about mathematics tasks. ZDM—The International Journal on Mathematics Education, 44, 677–689.
Breiteig, T., & Goodchild, S. (2010). The development of mathematics education as a research field in Norway. In. B. Sriraman, C. Bergsten, S. Goodchild, G. Palsdottir, B. Dahl, & L. Haapasalo (Eds.), The first sourcebook on Nordic research in mathematics education: Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and contributions from Finland (pp. 11–33). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Fernandez, C. (2005). Lesson study: A means for elementary teachers to develop the knowledge of mathematics needed for reform-minded teaching? Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 7, 265–289.
Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
Fullan, M. (1993). Change forces: Probing the depths of educational reform. London: Routledge/Falmer.
Gellert, U. (2008). Routines and collective orientations in mathematics teachers’ professional development. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 67, 93–110.
Goodchild, S. (2008). A quest for ‘good’ research. In B. Jaworski & T. Wood (Eds.), International Handbook on Mathematics Teacher Education: Vol. 4. The Mathematics Teacher Educator as a Developing Professional: Individuals, teams, communities and networks (pp. 201–220). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Goodchild, S. (2011). Using different sociocultural perspectives in mathematics teaching development research. In M. Pytlak, E. Swoboda & T. Rowland (Eds.), CERME 7: Proceedings of the Seventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education. European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, pp. 2421–2430.
Goodchild, S., Jaworski, B., & Fuglestad, A. B. (2013). Critical alignment in inquiry-based practice in developing mathematics teaching. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 84, 393–412. doi:10.1007/s10649-013-9489-z.
Gravemeijer, K. (1994). Educational development and developmental research in mathematics education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 25, 443–471.
Grønmo, L. S., & Onstad, T. (Eds.). (2009). Tegn til bedring?: Norske elevers prestasjoner i matematikk og naturfag i TIMSS 2007. Oslo: Unipub. Retrieved from http://www.timss.no/rapport2007/Hele_TIMSS2007.pdf.
Grønmo, L. S., & Onstad, T. (Eds.). (2012). Mange og store utfordringer: Et nasjonalt og internasjonalt perspectiv på utdanning av lærere i matematikk basert på data fra TEDS-M 2008 (Many and great challenges: A national and international perspective on the education of teachers in mathematics based on data from TEDS-M 2008). Oslo: Unipub.
Hewitt, D. (1996). Mathematical fluency: The nature of practice and the role of subordination. For the Learning of Mathematics, 16(2), 28–35.
Hewitt, D. (2012). Young students learning formal algebraic notation and solving linear equations: Are commonly experienced difficulties avoidable? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 81, 139–159.
Jaworski, B. (2006). Developmental research in mathematics teaching and learning: Developing learning communities based on inquiry and design. In P. Liljedahl (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2006 annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary.
Jaworski, B., Fuglestad, A. B., Bjuland, R., Breiteig, T., Goodchild, S., & Grevholm, B. (Eds.). (2007). Læringsfelleskap i matematikk [Learning Communities in Mathematics]. Bergen, Norway: Caspar Forlag.
Jørgensen, K. O., Steinsland, I. B., & Solheim, P. E. (2007). Modeller for å utforske og oppdage matematikk [Models for investigating and discovering mathematics]. In B. Jaworski, A. B. Fuglestad, R. Bjuland, T. Breiteig, S. Goodchild, & B. Grevholm (Eds.), Læringsfelleskap i matematikk [Learning Communities in Mathematics] (pp. 71–80). Bergen, Norway: Caspar Forlag.
KD (2006). Kunnskapsløftet: [Knowledge promotion]. Oslo: Kunnskapsdepartementet.
KD (2012). Strategi for ungdomstrinnet: Motivasjon og mestring for bedre læring—Felles satsing på klasseledelse, regning, lesing og skriving [Strategy for the lower secondary grades: Motivation and mastery for better learning—common effort of class leadership, calculation, reading and writing]. Retrieved from: http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/kd/dok/rapporter_planer/planer/2012/strategi-for-ungdomstrinnet.html?id=682495.
Kelly, A. E., Lesh, R. A., & Baek, J. Y. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of design research methods in education: Innovations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics learning and teaching. New York: Routledge.
Kjærnsli, M., Lie, R., Olsen, R. V., & Roe, A. (2007). Tid for tunge løft: Norske elevers prestasjoner i naturfag, lesing og matematikk i PISA 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2009, from http://www.utdanningsdirektoratet.no/upload/Forskning/Internasjonale_undersokelser/Tid_for_tunge_loft.pdf.
Kjærnsli, M., & Roe, A. (Eds.). (2010). På rett spor: Norske elevers kompetanse i lesing, matematikk og naturfag i PISA 2009 Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. Retrieved from: http://www.pisa.no/publikasjoner/egne_publikasjoner/index.html.
Knapp, N. F., & Peterson, P. L. (1995). Teachers’ interpretations of ‘CGI’ after four years: Meanings and practices. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 26, 40–65.
Marton, F., et al. (Eds.). (2004). Classroom discourse and the space of learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Nortvedt, G. A. (2012). Norsk matematikkråds forkunnskapstest 2011 [Norwegian Mathematics Council’s prior-knowledge test 2011]. Norsk matematikkråd. Retrieved from: http://matematikkradet.no/styret@matematikkradet.no.
Ruthven, K., & Goodchild, S. (2008). Linking researching with teaching: Towards synergy of scholarly and craft knowledge. In L. D. English (Ed.), Handbook of international research in mathematics education (pp. 561–588). New York: Routledge.
Schifter, D., & Simon, M. A. (1992). Assessing teacher’s development of a constructivist view of mathematics learning. Teaching & Teacher Education, 8, 187–197.
Stoll, L., Bolam, R., McMahon, A., Wallace, M., & Thomas, S. (2006). Professional learning communities: A review of the literature. Journal of Educational Change, 7, 221–258.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
UD (2006). Kunnskapsstatus om frafall i videregående opplæring Faktaark—februar 2006 [Knowledge status about dropout from upper secondary education Factsheet—February 2006]. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http://www.udir.no/upload/Statistikk/Gjennomforing/Kunnskapsstatus_om_frafall_2.pdf.
Wagner, J. (1997). The unavoidable intervention of educational research: A framework for reconsidering researcher–practitioner cooperation. Educational Researcher, 26(7), 13–22.
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goodchild, S. Mathematics teaching development: learning from developmental research in Norway. ZDM Mathematics Education 46, 305–316 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-013-0567-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-013-0567-6