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Evolution of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Under Heat Treatments

  • Additive Manufacturing for Energy Applications
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Abstract

This study investigated the microstructure, residual stress, and tensile properties of directed energy deposited stainless steel 316L (SS316L) under thermal annealing. Microstructure characterization shows the as-printed sample has laser-generated patterns where dendritic structure is observed at the edge of the patterns and cellular structure dominates the interior region. The thermal annealing at 983 and 1093°C effectively removes the dendritic/cellular structures. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction reveals that the as-printed SS316L exhibits compressive residual stress of − 197.4 MPa, which is greatly relieved to − 53.8 MPa after annealing at 1093°C. The room temperature tensile testing indicates that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength drop from 378 MPa and 502 MPa in the as-printed sample to 258 MPa and 446 MPa in the annealed samples (1093°C), respectively. Our study provides insights into the relationship among microstructure, residual stress, and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured SS316L.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Idaho National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program under the Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho Operations Office under contract DE-AC07-051D14517. The use of the beamline in the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the Argonne National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, operated by the US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science. We also acknowledge the US DOE, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Science User Facility (NSUF) under contract DE-AC07-051D14517.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Characterization and Advanced PIE Division, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA

    Xinchang Zhang, Michael D. McMurtrey, Robert C. O’Brien, Ching-Heng Shiau, Randall Scott & Cheng Sun

  2. X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA

    Liang Wang & Yang Ren

  3. Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Ching-Heng Shiau

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA

    Yun Wang

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  1. Xinchang Zhang
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Correspondence to Cheng Sun.

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Zhang, X., McMurtrey, M.D., Wang, L. et al. Evolution of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Under Heat Treatments. JOM 72, 4167–4177 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04433-9

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