Abstract
The present work is concerned with the study of the relationship between microstructure and ductility of nanostructured bainite. The tensile behavior of two steels treated at the same temperature during different times has been analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the role that the retained austenite mechanical stability plays in enhancing the ductility through its contribution to the work-hardening and the damage resistance of these materials. The results have shown that the relative mechanical properties of the phases present affect both the martensitic transformation behavior and the total elongation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Garcia-Mateo, T. Sourmail, F.G. Caballero, V. Smanio, M. Kuntz, C. Ziegler, A. Leiro, E. Vuorinen, R. Elvira, and T. Teeri, Mater. Sci. Technol. 30, 1071 (2014).
C. Garcia-Mateo, F.G. Caballero, T. Sourmail, V. Smanio, and C. Garcia de Andres, Int. J. Mater. Res. 105, 725 (2014).
C. Garcia-Mateo, F.G. Caballero, T. Sourmail, M. Kuntz, J. Cornide, V. Smanio, and R. Elvira, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 549, 185 (2012).
C. Garcia-Mateo and F.G. Caballero, Int. J. Mater. Res. 98, 137 (2007).
C. Garcia-Mateo, F. Caballero, and H. Bhadeshia, ISIJ Int. 43, 1238 (2003).
T. Sourmail, F.G. Caballero, C. Garcia-Mateo, V. Smanio, C. Ziegler, M. Kuntz, R. Elvira, A. Leiro, E. Vuorinen, and T. Teeri, Mater. Sci. Technol. 29, 1166 (2013).
A. Leiro, E. Vuorinen, K.G. Sundin, B. Prakash, T. Sourmail, V. Smanio, F.G. Caballero, C. Garcia-Mateo, and R. Elvira, Wear 298, 42 (2013).
B. Avishan, C. Garcia-Mateo, S. Yazdani, and F.G. Caballero, Mater. Charact. 81, 105 (2013).
B. Avishan, C. Garcia-Mateo, L. Morales-Rivas, S. Yazdani, and F.G. Caballero, J. Mater. Sci. 48, 6121 (2013).
C. Garcia-Mateo, F.G. Caballero, and H. Bhadeshia, Mechanical Properties of Low-Temperature Bainite. Microalloying for New Steel Processes and Applications, Vol. 500–501 (Zurich-Uetikon: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2005), p. 495.
C. Garcia-Mateo and F.G. Caballero, Mater. Trans. JIM 46, 1839 (2005).
C. Garcia-Mateo and F.G. Caballero, ISIJ Int. 45, 1736 (2005).
K. Rakha, H. Beladi, I. Timokhina, X. Xiong, S. Kabra, K.-D. Liss, and P. Hodgson, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 589, 303 (2014).
C. Garcia-Mateo, F.G. Caballero, and H. Bhadeshia, ISIJ Int. 43, 1821 (2003).
S.K. Ghosh, N. Bhowmik, A. Haldar, and P.P. Chattopadhyay, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 1082 (2010).
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice (Philadelphia: Maney Publishing, 2015).
I.B. Timokhina, P.D. Hodgson, and E.V. Pereloma, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 35A, 2331 (2004).
R. Petrov, L. Kestens, A. Wasilkowska, and Y. Houbaert, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 447, 285 (2007).
B. Kim, C. Celada, D. San Martín, T. Sourmail, and P.E.J. Rivera-Díaz-Del-Castillo, Acta Mater. 61, 6983 (2013).
A. Barbacki, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 53, 57 (1995).
Q.X. Dai, A.D. Wang, X.N. Cheng, and L. Cheng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 311, 205 (2001).
F.G. Caballero, C. Garcia-Mateo, J. Chao, M. Jesus Santofimia, C. Capdevila, and C. Garcia de Andres, ISIJ Int. 48, 1256 (2008).
J. Chiang, B. Lawrence, J.D. Boyd, and A.K. Pilkey, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528, 4516 (2011).
G. Ghosh and G.B. Olson, Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 3361 (1994).
A. Saha Podder and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 2121 (2010).
C. Garcia-Mateo, M. Peet, F. Caballero, and H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 20, 814 (2004).
G.E. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976).
National Physical Laboratory, MTDATA (National Physical Laboratory: Teddington, 2003).
R.O. Rocha, T.M.F. Melo, E.V. Pereloma, and D.B. Santos, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 391, 296 (2005).
C. Garcia-Mateo, J.A. Jimenez, H.W. Yen, M.K. Miller, L. Morales-Rivas, M. Kuntz, S.P. Ringer, J.R. Yang, and F.G. Caballero, Acta Mater. 91, 162 (2015).
B.D. Cullity and S.R. Stock, Elements of X-ray Diffraction (New York: Prentice Hall, 2001).
ASTM E975, Standard Practice for X-ray Determination of Retained Austenite in Steel with Near Random Crystallographic Orientation (West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2013).
M. Jarvinen, Textures Microstruct. 26–27, 93 (1996).
D. Balzar and H. Ledbetter, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 26, 97 (1993).
D.J. Dyson and B. Holmes, J. Iron Steel Inst. 208, 469 (1970).
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Bainite in Steels (London: Institute of Materials, Maney Publishing, 2001).
C. Garcia-Mateo, F.G. Caballero, M.K. Miller, and J.A. Jimenez, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 1004 (2012).
C.N. Hulme-Smith, M.J. Peet, I. Lonardelli, A.C. Dippel, and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 31, 254 (2014).
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Philos. Mag. 93, 3714 (2013).
M. Cohen, Trans. Metall. AIME 224, 638 (1962).
J.W. Christian, Mater. Trans. JIM 33, 208 (1992).
S.S. Babu, S. Vogel, C. Garcia-Mateo, B. Clausen, L. Morales-Rivas, and F.G. Caballero, Scripta Mater. 69, 777 (2013).
J. Cornide, G. Miyamoto, F.G. Caballero, T. Furuhara, M.K. Miller, and C. Garcia-Mateo, Sol. St. Phen. 172–174, 117 (2011).
F.G. Caballero, H.-W. Yen, M.K. Miller, J.-R. Yang, J. Cornide, and C. Garcia-Mateo, Acta Mater. 59, 6117 (2011).
S. Hoekstra, H.M.M. Van Der Lelie, and C.A. Verbraak, Acta Metall. 26, 1517 (1978).
P.K. Ray, R.I. Ganguly, and A.K. Panda, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 346, 122 (2003).
J. Chiang, B. Lawrence, J.D. Boyd, and A.K. Pilkey, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 559, 486 (2011).
F.G. Caballero, M.K. Miller, S.S. Babu, and C. Garcia-Mateo, Acta Mater. 55, 381 (2007).
H.J. Stone, M.J. Peet, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, P.J. Withers, S.S. Babu, and E.D. Specht, Proc. R. Soc. A 464, 1009 (2008).
S.N. Prasad, A. Saxena, M.M.S. Sodhi, and P.N. Tripathi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 476, 126 (2008).
F.G. Caballero, C. Garcia-Mateo, M.J. Santofimia, M.K. Miller, and C. Garcia de Andres, Acta Mater. 57, 8 (2009).
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 31, 758 (2015).
I. Stark, G.D.W. Smith, and H. Bhadeshia, Metall. Trans. A 21, 837 (1990).
M. Peet, S.S. Babu, M.K. Miller, and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Scripta Mater. 50, 1277 (2004).
E.V. Pereloma, I.B. Timokhina, M.K. Miller, and P.D. Hodgson, Acta Mater. 55, 2587 (2007).
F.G. Caballero, M.K. Miller, A.J. Clarke, and C. Garcia-Mateo, Scripta Mater. 63, 442 (2010).
I.B. Timokhina, X.Y. Xiong, H. Beladi, S. Mukherjee, and P.D. Hodgson, Mater. Sci. Technol. 27, 739 (2011).
C.H. Lee, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, and H.C. Lee, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 360, 249 (2003).
S.A. Khan and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 129, 257 (1990).
P. Xu, B. Bai, F. Yin, H. Fang, and K. Nagai, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 385, 65 (2004).
F.H. Samuel, D. Daniel, and O. Sudre, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 92, 43 (1987).
A.H. Cottrell, J. Iron Steel Inst. 1, 93 (1945).
A.H. Cottrell and B.A. Bilby, Proc. Phys. Soc. 62A, 49 (1949).
F.B. Pickering, Physical Metallurgy and the Design of Steels (Essex: Applied Science Publishers, 1978).
J.C. Hay, A. Bolshakov, and G.M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 14, 2296 (1999).
C.N. Hulme-Smith, I. Lonardelli, A.C. Dippel, and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Scripta Mater. 69, 409 (2013).
M.M. Wang, C.C. Tasan, D. Ponge, A.C. Dippel, and D. Raabe, Acta Mater. 85, 216 (2015).
P.J.B. Jacques, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 8, 259 (2004).
F. Alharbi, A.A. Gazder, A. Kostryzhev, B.C. De Cooman, and E.V. Pereloma, J. Mater. Sci. 49, 2960 (2014).
S. Chatterjee and H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 22, 645 (2006).
M. Borsutzki, R.G. Thiessen, I. Altpeter, G. Dobmann, G. Huebschen, R. Tschuncky, and K. Szielasko (Paper presented at the 18th European Conference on Fracture: Fracture of Materials and Structures from Micro to Macro Scale, 2010).
H. Kolsky, J. Sound Vib. 1, 88 (1964).
S. Papaefthymiou (Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen University, 2005).
D.D. Knijf, Influence of Quenching and Partitioning Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Advanced High Strength Steels (Gent: Universiteit Gent, 2015).
M.Y. Sherif, C.G. Mateo, T. Sourmail, and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 20, 319 (2004).
C. Garcia-Mateo and F.G. Caballero, Comprehensive Materials Processing, Vol. 1, ed. S. Hashmi, G.F. Batalha, C.J.V. Tyne, and B. Yilbas (Oxford: Elsevier Ltd, 2014), p. 165.
T.-H. Lee, C.-S. Oh, and S.-J. Kim, Scripta Mater. 58, 110 (2008).
T. Angel, J. Iron Steel Inst. 177, 165 (1954).
G.N. Haidemenopoulos and A.N. Vasilakos, Steel Res. Int. 67, 513 (1996).
C. Herrera, D. Ponge, and D. Raabe, Acta Mater. 59, 4653 (2011).
S.K. Putatunda, C. Martis, and J. Boileau, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528, 5053 (2011).
T. Gnäupel-Herold, P.C. Brand, and H.J. Prask, Adv. X-ray Anal. 42, 464 (1998).
A. García-Junceda, C. Capdevila, F.G. Caballero, and C.G. de Andrés, Scripta Mater. 58, 134 (2008).
H.-S. Yang and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Scripta Mater. 60, 493 (2009).
S.-J. Lee and K.-S. Park, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 3423 (2013).
G. Krauss and S.W. Thompson, ISIJ Int. 35, 937 (1995).
G.N. Haidemenopoulos and A.N. Vasilakos, J. Alloys Compd. 247, 128 (1997).
S. Chatterjee and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 23, 1101 (2007).
J.R. Patel and M. Cohen, Acta Metall. 1, 531 (1953).
G. Ghosh and G.B. Olson, Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 3371 (1994).
H.S. Yang, D.W. Suh, and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, ISIJ Int. 52, 164 (2012).
S. Chatterjee, H.S. Wang, J.R. Yang, and H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 22, 641 (2006).
K. Tsuzaki, S.-I. Fukasaku, Y. Tomota, and T. Maki, Mater. Trans. JIM 32, 222 (1991).
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 273–275, 58 (1999).
G. Avramovic-Cingara, Y. Ososkov, M.K. Jain, and D.S. Wilkinson, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 516, 7 (2009).
I.B. Timokhina, P.D. Hodgson, and E.V. Pereloma, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 34A, 1599 (2003).
F. Lani, Q. Furnemont, T. Van Rompaey, F. Delannay, P.J. Jacques, and T. Pardoen, Acta Mater. 55, 3695 (2007).
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and S.R. Honeycombe, Steels, 3rd ed., ed. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia and S.R. Honeycombe (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006), p. 307.
J. Shi, S. Turteltaub, and E. Van der Giessen, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 58, 1863 (2010).
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for partially funding this research under Contracts RFSR-CT-2012-00017 and MAT2013-47460-C5-1-P, respectively. L.M.-R. also acknowledges this same Ministry and the National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support, the former as Ph.D. Research Grant (FPI: BES-2011-044186). The authors also express their gratitude to Jesús Chao for the fruitful discussion on fracture analyses.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morales-Rivas, L., Yen, HW., Huang, BM. et al. Tensile Response of Two Nanoscale Bainite Composite-Like Structures. JOM 67, 2223–2235 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1562-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1562-x