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Zentrale Schlafapnoe –Pathophysiologie, Relevanz, Diagnostik und Therapie

Central sleep apnea –Pathophysiology, relevance, diagnosis and therapy

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Summary

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by breathing cessations caused by a lack of respiratory movements. Its cause may be a reduced as well as an exaggerated respiratory drive. As a rare form of sleep-disordered breathing CSA can lead to marked sleep disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, and cardiovascular diseases. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) primary CSA is distinguished from several CSA syndromes with varying pathophysiology and different therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the pathophysiology and the clinical aspects of CSA in the adult and the child on the basis of the current literature and gives support for the diagnosis and treatment of this complex form of sleep-related breathing disorders.

Zusammenfassung

Zentrale Schlafapnoe (ZSA) ist gekennzeichnet durch Atemstillstände infolge ausbleibender Atmungsbewegungen. Ihre Ursache kann in einem abgeschwächten wie auch einem übersteigerten Atmungsantrieb liegen. Als seltenere Form der schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen können auch sie zu erheblichen Schlafstörungen, zu Tagesschläfrigkeit und kardiovaskulären Folgeerkrankungen führen. Es werden nach der Internationalen Klassifikation der Schlafstörungen (ICSD- 2) diverse zentrale Schlafapnoe- Syndrome von einer primären Form unterschieden. Entsprechend unterschiedlich sind ihre Genese und ihre Differenzialtherapie. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst Pathophysiologie und Klinik der ZSA beim Erwachsenen und beim Kind auf der Basis des aktuellen Forschungsstandes zusammen und gibt auf diese Weise Hilfestellung bei der Diagnostik und Therapie dieser komplizierten Form schlafbezogener Atmungsstörungen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, MA 0/48, 44780, Bochum, Germany

    T. Schäfer MME

  2. Klinik Ambrock, Zentrum für Schlaf- und Rehaforschung, Hagen, Germany

    M. E. Schläfke

  3. Klinik für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer, Germany

    M. Westhoff

  4. Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Medizinische Klinik III, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum, Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany

    H.-W. Duchna

  5. Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany

    T. Penzel

  6. Robert-Koch-Krankenhaus Apolda, Apolda, Germany

    S. Scholle

  7. Pneumologie, Theresienkrankenhaus, Mannheim, Germany

    M. Orth

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in Zusammenarbeit mit der Arbeitsgruppe Pathophysiologie von Schlaf und Atmung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin, DGSM

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Winfried Randerath (Solingen) served as guest editor for the manuscript and was responsible for all editorial decisions, including the selection of reviewers. The policy applies to all manuscripts with author’s from the editor’s institution.

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Schäfer, T., Schläfke, M.E., Westhoff, M. et al. Zentrale Schlafapnoe –Pathophysiologie, Relevanz, Diagnostik und Therapie. Somnologie 12, 190–204 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-008-0350-z

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