Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Separation of tetrahydrofuran using RSM optimized accelerator-sulfur-filler of rubber membranes: Systematic optimization and comprehensive mechanistic study

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized, semi efficiently vulcanized (SEV) and filled organophilic composite natural rubber (NR) membranes of varying physichochemical interactions were reported for sorption-diffusion-permeation based separation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) from binary aqueous mixtures. RSM was used to obtain optimum accelerator/sulfur (A/S) ratio required for crosslinking of nine membranes to find excellent balance of mechanical properties. These membranes were characterized by FESEM, AFM, EDX, XRD, DTG, TGA, DSC and FTIR. Vulcanized products formed from several crosslinking precursors of NR via radical and/or ionic paths were incorporated to impart an unambiguous reaction mechanism. RSM was also used to obtain optimum conditions (temperature/concentration/filler) for total flux (TF) and separation factor (SF). Membrane intrinsic properties, like partial permeabilities (PPs), selectivities and diffusion coefficients (DCs) were also studied. NRSEV12 membrane showed excellent balance of TF (24.01±0.7 g m−2 h−1) and SF (118.8±4.16) at 0.97 wt% of THF in feed and 35 °C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Wang, W. Zhang, W. Li and W. Xing, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32, 1369 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Ray, N. R. Singha and S. K. Ray, Chem. Eng. J., 149, 153 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. N. R. Singha, S. Ray, S. K. Ray and B. B. Konar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 121, 1330 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. C. Yeom, J. M. Dickson and M. A. Brook, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 13, 482 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Koczka, J. Manczinger, P. Mizsey and Z. Fonyo, Chem. Eng. Process., 46, 239 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. B. L. Lucht and D. B. Collum, Acc. Chem. Res., 32, 1035 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Elschenbroich and A. Salzer, in Oganometallics-A Concise Introduction, A. Fürstner Eds., Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim (1996).

  8. P. Chapman, X. X. Loha, A. G. Livingston, K. Lia and T. A. C. Oliveira, J. Membr. Sci., 309, 102 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Ray and S. K. Ray, Chem. Eng. Process., 47, 1620 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. D. Kurkuri, J. N. Nayak, M. I. Aralaguppi, B. V. K. Naidu and T. M. Aminabhavi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98, 178 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. B. V. K. Naidu, K. S. V. K. Rao and T. M. Aminabhavi, J. Membr. Sci., 260, 131 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. P. S. Rao, S. Sridhar and A. Krishnaiah, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 1152 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Sairam, B. V. K. Naidu, S. K. Nataraj, B. Sreedhar and T. M. Aminabhavi, J. Membr. Sci., 283, 65 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S. D. Bhat and T. M. Aminabhavi, Sep. Purif. Technol., 51, 85 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. P. D. Chapman, X. Tan, A. G. Livingston, K. Lia and T. Oliveira, J. Membr. Sci., 268, 13 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. G. Varghese, A. A. Kittur and M. Y. Kariduraganavar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 111, 2408 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Das and S. K. Ray, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 34, 321 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Nagase, T. Ando and C. M. Yun, React. Funct. Polym., 67, 1252 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Claes, P. Vandezande, S. Mullens, P. Adriaensens, R. Peeters, F. H. J. Maurer and M. K. V. Bael, J. Membr. Sci., 389, 459 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. F. Ismail and P. Y. Lai, Sep. Purif. Technol., 40, 191 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Idris, F. Kormin and M. Y. Noordin, Sep. Purif. Technol., 49, 271 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Xiangli, W. Wei, Y. Chen, W. Jin and N. Xu, J. Membr. Sci., 311, 23 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. V. García, J. L. Aguirre, E. Pongrácz, P. Perämäki and R. L. Keiski, J. Membr. Sci., 338, 111 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Mahapatra, M. Karmakar, B. Mondal and N. R. Singha, RSC Adv., 6, 69387 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D. Dondi, A. Buttafava, A. Zeffiro, C. Palamini, A. Lostritto, L. Giannini and A. Faucitano, Eur. Polym. J., 62, 222 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. R. Wolfe Jr., Rubber Chem. Technol., 41, 1339 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. N. R. Singha and S. K. Ray, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, E99 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. D. Bhat and T. M. Aminabhavi, J. Membr. Sci., 306, 173 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. H. S. Samanta, S. K. Ray, P. Das and N. R. Singha, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 87, 608 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. W. Baker, J. G. Wijmans and Y. J. Huang, J. Membr. Sci., 348, 346 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. N. R. Singha, P. Das and S. K. Ray, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 2034 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. E. W. Greenlaw, W. D. Prince, R. A. Shelden and E. V. Thompson, J. Membr. Sci., 2, 141 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Hao, K. Tanaka and H. Kita, J. Membr. Sci., 132, 97 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Fukahori, Rubber Chem. Technol., 80, 701 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A. Schröder, M. Klüppel and R. H. Schuster, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 292, 885 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. M. A. Montes-Morán, D. Suárez, J. A. Menéndez and E. Fuente, Carbon, 42, 1219 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Barroso-Bogeat, M. Alexandre-Franco, C. Fernández-González and V. Gómez-Serrano, Energy Fuel, 28, 4096 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. J. B. Donnet and A. Voet, Carbon Black: Physics, Chemistry, and Elastomer Reinforcement, Marcel Dekker, New York (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  39. N. R. Singha, T. K. Parya and S. K. Ray, J. Membr. Sci., 340, 35 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. A. Asfaram, M. Ghaedi, S. Hajati, A. Goudarzi and A. A. Bazrafshan, Spectrochim. Acta. A., 145, 203 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Chatterjee, A. Kumar, S. Basu and S. Dutta, Chem. Eng. J., 181-182, 289 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. B. H. Hameed, I. A. W. Tan and A. L. Ahmed, J. Hazard. Mater., 158, 324 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. N. Sahu, J. Acharya and B. C. Meikap, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 818 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. S. J. Lue, W. W. Chen, and S. F. Wang, Separ. Sci. Technol., 44, 3412 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. P. Li, L. Yin, G. Song, J. Sun, L. Wang and H. Wang, Appl. Clay Sci., 40, 38 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. N. Tomer, F. D. Jestin, R. Singh and J. Lacoste, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92, 457 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Stephen, S. Jose, K. Joseph, S. Thomas and Z. Oommen, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 1717 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. H. Nabil, H. Ismail and A. R. Azura, Mater. Design., 53, 651 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. H. Darmstadt, C. Roy, S. Kaliaguine, G. Xu, M. Auger, A. Tuel and V. Ramaswamy, Carbon, 38, 1279 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. C. C. Wang, J. B. Donnet, T. K. Wang, M. P. Johnson and F. Welsh, Rubber Chem. Technol., 78, 17 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. W. Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, Macmillan Education Ltd., Hampshire (1991).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  52. N. R. Singha, S. Kar, S. Ray and S. K. Ray, Chem. Eng. Process., 48, 1020 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Iqbal, N. Iqbal, I. A. Bhatti, N. Ahmed and M. Zahid, Ecol. Eng., 88, 265 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. D. C. Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley, New York (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. S. Aprem, K. Joseph, T. Mathew, V. Altstaedt and S. Thomas, Eur. Polym. J., 39, 1451 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. P. Ghosh, S. Katare, P. Patkar, J. M. Caruthers and V. Venkatasubramanian, Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 592 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, West Bengal, India

    Mrinmoy Karmakar, Manas Mahapatra & Nayan Ranjan Singha

Authors
  1. Mrinmoy Karmakar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manas Mahapatra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nayan Ranjan Singha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nayan Ranjan Singha.

Electronic supplementary material

11814_2017_21_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Separation of tetrahydrofuran using RSM optimized accelerator-sulfur-filler of rubber membranes: Systematic optimization and comprehensive mechanistic study

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karmakar, M., Mahapatra, M. & Singha, N.R. Separation of tetrahydrofuran using RSM optimized accelerator-sulfur-filler of rubber membranes: Systematic optimization and comprehensive mechanistic study. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 34, 1416–1434 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0021-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-017-0021-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation