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Delir im Allgemeinkrankenhaus

Delirium in the general hospital

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Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie

Abstract

Delirium poses major problems for physicians and care teams in general medical hospitals – on the one hand, e. g., because of hazards regarding the patient with hyperactive delirium, on the other hand, because the diagnosis of delirium is missed and a severe disease of internal medicine had presented itself as a delirium.

The questions are answered: how can attention be directed to the diagnosis of a hypoactive delirium? How can delirium in a general medical hospital be treated without the danger of oversedation?

In this paper data from recent studies, which regard the diagnosis and treatment of delirium in a general medical hospital, are reported. The diagnostics of the delirium syndrome, the risk factors and the acute etiological factors which provoke delirium are presented.

Delirium can be regarded as a psychiatric fever syndrome, which demands an urgent etiological work up. The syndrome has, however in contrast to the fever syndrome of internal medicine, not only one diagnostic parameter but represents a complex syndrome, on which the staff of general medical hospitals should be trained.

Zusammenfassung

Kontext

Das Delir stellt die Ärzte und Pflegekräfte des Allgemeinkrankenhauses häufig vor schwierige Probleme – einerseits beispielsweise wegen Gefährdungen des Patienten bei überaktivem Delir, andererseits weil die Diagnose des Delirs übersehen wird und sich eine schwerwiegende internistische Erkrankung mit dem Delir angekündigt hatte.

Fragestellung

Es werden die folgenden Fragen beantwortet: Wie soll die Aufmerksamkeit auf hypoaktive Delirsyndrome verbessert werden? Wie kann symptomatisch behandelt werden, ohne dass beispielsweise eine Übersedation zu befürchten ist?

Methoden

In diesem Beitrag werden Daten von neueren Studien zusammengefasst, die die Diagnostik und die Therapie des Delirs im Allgemeinkrankenhaus betreffen. Zur Diagnostik werden das Syndrom, die Risikofaktoren und die aktuellen ätiologischen Faktoren der Auslösung besprochen.

Zusammenfassung

Das Delir ist gewissermaßen als „psychiatrisches Fiebersyndrom“ anzusehen, das eine dringende ätiologische Abklärung notwendig macht. Es hat jedoch – im Gegensatz zum Fiebersyndrom der inneren Medizin – nicht nur einen einzigen Parameter, durch den es diagnostizierbar ist, sondern stellt ein komplexes psychopathologisches Syndrom dar, auf dessen Diagnose die Mitarbeiter des Allgemeinkrankenhauses trainiert werden sollten.

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Correspondence to Friedel M. Reischies.

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Reischies, F.M. Delir im Allgemeinkrankenhaus. Psychosom Konsiliarpsychiatr 1, 184–192 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11800-007-0052-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11800-007-0052-6

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