Abstract
Science societies study the usage of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the mixture of nanomedicine and other AgNPs, including biomaterials, to minimize microbial pollution. AgNPs are applied in the area of nanomedicine and biomaterials as an antimicrobial compound. One of the most efficient methods for the synthesis of AgNPs is green synthesis. The aim of this study was the preparation of AgNPs using filamentous algae extract. To this aim, we have tested the antimicrobial activity and their effects on the nosocomial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC No:1917), and Acinetobacter baumannii (PTCC No:1797), biofilms. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, SEM-EDS, DLS, and FTIR analyses. According to TEM images, the sizes of AgNPs were about 20–30 nm with spherical morphology. XRD spectrum showed some characteristic peaks for AgNPs that indicating face-centered cubic lattice and crystalline structure. FTIR spectrum approved functional interactions between secondary plant metabolites and AgNPs. Microbial strains showed little or no susceptibility to extract, but green synthesized AgNPs showed effective antimicrobial activity against the nosocomial pathogens. The MICs values of AgNPs were ranged from 80 to 640 mg/L, more effective against S. aureus. The highest ZOI (15 mm) at mg/L of AgNPs was recorded for A. baumannii. The AgNPs successfully prevented the biofilm formation of the tested pathogens. Bio-preparation of AgNPs from filamentous algae extract proved to have a high potential for antimicrobial applications. Also, the green synthesis method is eco-friendly and able to synthesizing AgNPs at a large scale.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
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Abbreviations
- AgNPs:
-
Silver nanoparticles
- TEM:
-
Transmission Electron Microscopy
- ZOI:
-
Zone of Inhibition
- UV-Vis:
-
Ultraviolet-visible
- OD:
-
Optical density
- EDS:
-
X-ray spectroscopy
- FE-SEM:
-
Field diffusion scanning electron microscopy
- PDI:
-
Particle size distribution, Polydispersity index
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- DPPH:
-
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- FTIR:
-
Infrared spectroscopy
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction patter
- MHA:
-
Mueller Hinton Agar
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- MBC:
-
Minimum bactericidal concentration
- PDA:
-
Potato dextrose agar
- CSN:
-
Commercial silver nanoparticle
- CFU:
-
Colony forming unit
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- IC50:
-
Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- S. aureus:
-
Staphylococcus aureus
- A. Bumani:
-
Acinetobacter Bumani
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We would like to acknowledge Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company, Kerman, Iran.
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This study was supported financially by Dana Gene Pajoohan Karmania Company, Kerman, Iran.
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Danaei, M., Motaghi, M.M., Naghmachi, M. et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by filamentous algae extract: comprehensive evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects against nosocomial pathogens. Biologia 76, 3057–3069 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00808-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00808-8