Abstract
We report here the synthesis, characterization, and use of tin (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)2(H2O)2, lead (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)2 (H2O)2, mercury (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)2-(H2O)2, and zinc (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)2(H2O)2 as catalysts in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol. All complexes are active in this reaction, with the following decreasing activities: Sn2+≫Zn2+>Pb2+≈Hg2+. The catalytic activities of these complexes were also compared with classical alkali and acid transesterification catalysis (with NaOH and H2SO4).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Crabbe, E., C. Nolasco-Hipolito, G. Kobayashi, K. Sonomoto, and A. Ishizaki, Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil and Evaluation of Butanol Extraction and Fuel Properties, Process Biochem. 37:65–71 (2001).
Muniyappa, P.R., S.C. Brammer, and H. Noureddini, Improved Conversion of Plant Oils and Animal Fats into Biodiesel and Co-Product, Bioresource Technol. 56:19–24 (1996).
Neto, P.R.C., L.F.S. Rossi, G.F. Zagonel, and L.P. Ramos, Utilization of Used Frying Oil for the Production of Biodiesel, Quím. Nova 23:531–537 (2000).
Ma, F., and M.A. Hanna, Biodiesel Production: A Review, Bioresource Technol. 70:1–15 (1999).
Lang, X., A.K. Dalai, N.N. Bakhshi, M.J. Reaney, and P.B. Hertz, Preparation and Characterization of Biodiesel from Various Bio-oils, 80:53–62 (2001).
Wright, H.J., J.B. Segur, H.V. Clark, S.K. Coburn, E.E. Langdon, and R.N. DuPuis, A Report on Ester Interchange, Oil Soap 21:145–148 (1944).
Sprules, F.J., and D. Price, Production of Fatty Esters, U.S. Patent 2,366,494 (1950).
Freedman, B., E.H. Pryde, and T.L. Mounts, Variables Affecting the Yields of Fatty Ester from Transesterified Vegetable Oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61:1638–1643 (1984).
Stern, R., G. Hillion, J.-J. Rouxel, and S. Leporq, Process for the Production of Esters from Vegetable Oils or Animal Oils Alcohols, U.S. Patent 5,908,946 (1999).
Fukuda, H., A. Kondo, and H. Noda, Biodiesel Fuel Production by Transesterification of Oils, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 92:405–416 (2001).
Briand, D., E. Dubreucq, and P. Galzy, Enzymatic Fatty Ester Synthesis in Aqueous Medium with Lipase from Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron and Talice, Biotechnol. Lett. 16:813–818 (1991).
Peterson, G.R., and W.P. Scarrach, Rapeseed Oil Transesterification By Heterogeneous Catalysis, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61: 1593–1597 (1984).
Suppes, G.J., K. Bockwinkel, S. Lucas, J.B. Bots, M.H. Mason, and J.A. Heppert, Calcium Carbonate Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Fats and Oils, 78:139–145 (2001).
Gryglewicz, S., Rapessed Oil Methyl Esters Preparation Using Heterogenous Catalysts, Bioresource Technol. 70:249–253 (1990).
De Oliveira, A.B., I.F. Jorge, P.A.Z. Suarez, N.R. De S. Basso, and S. Einloft, Synthesis and Characterization of a New Bivalent Tin Chelate of 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone and Its Use as Catalyst for Polyesterification, Polym. Bull. 45:341–344 (2000).
De Oliveira, A.B., P.A.Z. Suarez, N.R. De S. Basso and S. Einloft, Terephthalic Acid, Neopentyl Glycol and Trimethylolpropane Polyesterification Using Versatile and Highly Efficient Tin Complexes as Catalysts Precursors, Main Group Met. Chem. 24:435–437 (2001).
Parshall, G.W., and S.D. Ittel, Homogeneous Catalysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992, pp. 269–296.
Huheey, J.E., E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edn., Harper-Collins, New York, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Abreu, F.R., Lima, D.G., Hamú, E.H. et al. New metal catalysts for soybean oil transesterification. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 80, 601–604 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0745-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0745-6