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Dietary Saury Oil Reduces Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic KKAy Mice and in Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice by Altering Gene Expression

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Lipids

Abstract

We investigated the effect of saury oil on the alleviation of metabolic syndrome in mice. Saury oil contains 18% (w/w/) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and 35% (w/w) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Diabetic KKAy mice were fed a 10% soybean oil diet (control) or a 10% saury oil diet for 4 weeks, and diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 32% lard (control) or 22% lard plus 10% saury oil for 6 weeks. After the intervention periods, the levels of glucose, insulin and lipids in plasma had decreased significantly for the saury oil diet group, and insulin sensitivity had improved. These favorable changes may be attributed to the increased adiponectin and decreased TNFα and resistin levels in plasma. The saury oil diet also resulted in downregulated expression of the lipogenic genes (SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, and ACC) as well as upregulation of the fatty acid oxidative gene, CPT-1, and the energy expenditure-related genes (PGC1α and PGC1β) in white adipose tissue for the diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. An increase in n-3 PUFA levels and the concomitant decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA level ratio in serum, white adipose tissue, and liver with a saury oil diet are likely to be involved in the beneficial changes to the metabolic indicators. MUFA may also play a positive role in remodeling lipid composition. Based on these mice models, our results suggest a potential use for saury oil for improving metabolic abnormalities.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

CPT-1:

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

NEFA:

Nonesterified fatty acids

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

PGC-1β:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

SAF:

Saturated fatty acids

SCD-1:

Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1

SREBP-1:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

TC:

Total cholesterol

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Dr. Toru Moriguchi (Azabu University), Ms. Akiko Harauma, Mr. Nobushige Doisaki and Ms. Kiyomi Furihata in Nippon Suisan Kaisya, Ltd.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., 32-3 Nanakuni 1 Chome Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0991, Japan

    Zhi-Hong Yang, Hiroko Miyahara, Shuhei Takemura & Akimasa Hatanaka

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  1. Zhi-Hong Yang
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  2. Hiroko Miyahara
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Correspondence to Zhi-Hong Yang.

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Yang, ZH., Miyahara, H., Takemura, S. et al. Dietary Saury Oil Reduces Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic KKAy Mice and in Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice by Altering Gene Expression. Lipids 46, 425–434 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-011-3553-1

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