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Evaluation of Lipophilic Antioxidant Efficacy in Vivo by the Biomarkers Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid and Isoprostane

  • Original Article
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Lipids

Abstract

The evaluation of antioxidant activity in vivo is difficult. In this study, the effects of dietary natural and synthetic antioxidants on the lipid peroxidation in mice were assessed using a biomarker, total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE). Biological samples such as plasma, erythrocytes, and tissues were first reduced and then saponified to convert various oxidation products of linoleates to tHODE. Subsequently, the absolute concentration of tHODE and its stereoisomer ratio, [9- and 13-(Z,E)-HODE)/[9- and 13-(E,E)-HODE], which is a measure of the hydrogen donor capacity of antioxidants, were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses. These were then compared with total 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (t8-iso-PGF2α) which was also assessed after reduction and saponification. Remarkable increases in tHODE and t8-iso-PGF2α levels were observed in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, and brain of mice that were fed an α-tocopherol (αT)-stripped (E-free) diet for 1 month when compared with those of mice that were fed a standard diet (αT = 0.002 wt%). When mice were fed for 1 month on an E-free diet supplemented with a lipophilic antioxidant (0.04 wt%), namely, αT, α-tocotrienol (αT3), γ-tocopherol (γT), or 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,2-dipentylbenzofuran (BO-653), a potent synthetic antioxidant, the increases of tHODE and t8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, and brain were suppressed to the levels lower than those of mice fed a standard diet. The (Z,E/E,E) HODE ratio was decreased in the plasma and erythrocytes of mice fed the E-free diet when compared with that in mice fed the standard diet. This stereo-isomeric ratio was significantly recovered by the addition of αT and BO-653. These results show that the tHODE level and the (Z,E/E,E) HODE ratio are useful biomarkers for the assessment of antioxidant capacity in vivo and that the antioxidant capacity decreased in the order: BO-653 > αT3 ≧ αT, γT, as assessed by tHODE levels from blood, liver, and brain.

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Abbreviations

BSTFA:

N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide

BO-653:

2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,2-dipentylbenzofuran

GPT:

Glutamic pyruvic transaminase

tHODE:

Total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid

(Z,E/E,E) HODE ratio:

Molar ratio of HODE stereoisomer, [9- and 13-(Z,E)-HODE]/[9- and 13-(E,E)-HODE]

HPODE:

Hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid

t8-iso-PGF2α :

Total 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

αT:

α-Tocopherol

γT:

γ-Tocopherol

αT3:

α-Tocotrienol

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

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Acknowledgments

We would like to gratefully acknowledge the generous gift of the natural forms of α- and γ-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol from the Eisai Co. Ltd., and that of the synthetic antioxidant BO-653 from the Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. This study was partially supported by a grant from the AOB Research Committee, by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (17500495, 2006), by a grant from the Foundation, Oil and Fat Industry Kaikan, and by a donation from Eisai Food and Chemical Co. Ltd.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Stress Signal Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan

    Yasukazu Yoshida, Mieko Hayakawa, Yoko Habuchi, Nanako Itoh & Etsuo Niki

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  1. Yasukazu Yoshida
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  2. Mieko Hayakawa
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  3. Yoko Habuchi
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  4. Nanako Itoh
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  5. Etsuo Niki
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Correspondence to Yasukazu Yoshida.

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Yoshida, Y., Hayakawa, M., Habuchi, Y. et al. Evaluation of Lipophilic Antioxidant Efficacy in Vivo by the Biomarkers Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid and Isoprostane. Lipids 42, 463–472 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-007-3043-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-007-3043-7

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