Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis. 23. Effects of specific synthetic triglycerides

  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Earlier work has shown that increasing concentration of palmitic acid at the sn-2 position of a fat enhances the atherogenic properties of that fat. This effect has been observed with lard, tallow, cottonseed oil, and palm oil. In the experiment reported here, we have studied the atherogenic effects of four synthetic fats fed to rabbits as 58% (w/w) of the total fat (15%) (w/w) of a semipurified diet containing 0.05% cholesterol. The fats being tested were: 1,3-stearoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (SOS); 1,2-stearoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (SSO); 1,3-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP); and 1,2-palmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (PPO). After 20 wk on diet there were no differences among the groups in weight gain, liver weight, serum, or liver lipids. These data are consistent with our previous findings. There were significant differences in atherosclerosis. The most severe atherosclerosis was observed in group PPO and the least in groups SSO and POP. Severity of atherosclerosis was graded visually on a 0–4 scale. The average atherosclerosis [(aortic arch and thoracic aorta)÷2] was: SOS-1.35; SSO-0.97; POP-0.83; and PPO-1.80. Fecal fat excretion (an indicator of fat absorption) was higher in the two groups fed the stearic acid-rich fats and lower in groups fed the palmitic acid-rich fats. There were no differences in low density lipoprotein particle size. The results confirm previous findings concerning the increased atherogenicity of fats bearing palmitic acid at the sn-2 position. The mechanism underlying these observations is moot but may, in part, reflect greater absorption of the atherogenic fat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

HDL:

high density lipoprotein

LDL:

low density lipoprotein

POP:

1,3-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol

PPO:

1,2-palmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol

SOS:

1,3-stearoyl-2-oleoylglycerol

SSO:

1,2-stearoyl-3-oleoylglycerol

References

  1. Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., Kuksis, A., Eghtedary, K., and Klurfeld, D.M. (1998) Cholesterol Vehicle in Experimental Atherosclerosis. 21. Native and Randomized Lard and Tallow, J. Nutr. Biochem. 9, 582–585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., Wright, S., Kuksis, A., and Hughes, T.A. (1998) Cholesterol Vehicle in Experimental Atherosclerosis. 20. Cottonseed Oil and Randomized Cottonseed Oil, Nutr. Res. 18, 259–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., and Kuksis, A. (1999) Effects of Palm Oil, Randomized Palm Oil, and Red Palm Oil on Experimental Atherosclerosis, FASEB J. 13, A213.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G.H. (1957) A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissue, J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sperry, W.M., and Webb, M. (1950) A Revision of the Schoenhemer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol Determination, J. Biol. Chem. 187, 97–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Levy, A.I., and Keyloun, C. (1972) Measurement of Triglycerides Using Nonane Extraction and Colorimetry, Autom. Anal. 1, 487–502.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Duff, G.L., and McMillan, G.C. (1949) The Effect of Alloxan Diabetes on Experimental Cholesterol Atherosclerosis in the Rabbit, J. Exp. Med. 89, 611–630.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Krauss, R.M., and Burke, J. (1982) Identification of Multiple Classes of Plasma Low Density Lipoproteins in Humans J. Lipid Res. 23, 97–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Nichols, A.V., Krauss, R.M., and Musliner, T.A. (1986) Nondenaturing Polyacrylamide Gradient Gel Electrophoresis in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 128, Plasma Lipoproteins (Segrest, J.P., and Albers, J.J., eds.), pp. 417–431, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  10. De Schrijver, R., Vermeulen, D., and Viaene, E. (1991) Lipid Metabolism Responses in Rats Fed Beef Tallow, Native or Randomized Fish Oil and Native or Randomized Peanut Oil, J. Nutr. 121, 948–955.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sugano, M., Ikeda, I., Imasoto, Y., Nakayama, M., and Yoshida, K. (1990) Is Triglyceride Structure of Palm Oil Responsible for Its Characteristic Effect on Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Res. (Life Sci. Adv.) 9, 21–25.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zock, P.L., deVries, J.H.M., deFouw, N.J., and Katan, M.B. (1995) Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Dietary Triglycerides: Effects on Fasting Blood Lipoprotein Concentrations in Humans, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61, 48–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nelson, C.M., and Innis, S.M. (1999) Plasma Lipoprotein Fatty Acids Are Altered by the Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Infant Formula Triacylglycerols and Human Milk, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 62–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tomarelli, R.M., Meyer, B.J., Weaber, J.R., and Bernhart, F.W. (1968) Effect of Positional Distribution on the Absorption of Fatty Acids of Human Milk and Infant Formulas, J. Nutr. 95, 583–590.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Filer, L.J., Jr., Mattson, F.H., and Fomon, S.J. (1969) Triglyceride Configuration and Fat Absorption by the Human Infant, J. Nutr. 99, 293–298.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lien, E. (1994) The Role of Fatty Acid Composition and Positional Distribution in Fat Absorption in Infants, J. Pediatr. 125, S62-S68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Renaud, S.G., Ruf, J.C., and Petithory, D. (1995) The Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Palm Oil and Lard Influences Their Biologic Effects in Rats, J. Nutr. 125, 229–237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lien, E.L., Boyle, F.G., Yuhas, R., Tomarelli, R.M., and Quinlan, P. (1997) The Effect of Triglyceride Positional Distribution on Fatty Acid Absorption in Rats, J. Ped. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 25, 167–174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Redgrave, T.G., Kodali, D.R., and Small, D.M. (1988) The Effect of Triacyl-sn-glycerol Structure on the Metabolism of Chylomicrons and Triglyceride-Rich Emulsions in the Rat, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5118–5123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mortimer, B.-C., Holthouse, D.J., Martins, I.J., Stick, R.V., and Redgrave, T.G. (1994) Effects of Triacylglycerol-Saturated Acyl Chains on the Clearance of Chylomicron-Like Emulsions from the Plasma of the Rat, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1211, 171–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Martins, I.J., Mortimer, B.-C., Miller, J., and Redgrave, T.G. (1996) Effects of Particle Size and Number on the Plasma Clearance of Chylomicrons and Remnants, J. Lipid Res. 37, 2696–2705.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Gert W. Meijer

    Present address: Lipton, 07632, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lipton, 21229, Baltimore, Maryland

    Shirley C. Chen

  2. Unilever Research, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands

    Gert W. Meijer

  3. E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, California

    Ronald M. Krauss

  4. The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., 19104, Philadelphia, PA

    David Kritchevsky & Shirley A. Tepper

Authors
  1. David Kritchevsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shirley A. Tepper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shirley C. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gert W. Meijer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ronald M. Krauss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Kritchevsky.

About this article

Cite this article

Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S.A., Chen, S.C. et al. Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis. 23. Effects of specific synthetic triglycerides. Lipids 35, 621–625 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0565-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0565-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation