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Reactive atom plasma (RAP) figuring machine for meter class optical surfaces

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Abstract

A new surface figuring machine called Helios 1200 is presented in this paper. It is designed for the figuring of meter sized optical surfaces with form accuracy correction capability better than 20 nm rms within a reduced number of iterations. Unlike other large figuring facilities using energy beams, Helios 1200 operates a plasma torch at atmospheric pressure, offers a high material removal rate, and a relatively low running cost. This facility is ideal to process large optical components, lightweight optics, silicon based and difficult to machine materials, aspheric, and free form surfaces. Also, the surfaces processed by the reactive atom plasma (RAP) are easy to fine polish through hand conventional sub-aperture polishing techniques. These unique combined features lead to a new capability for the fabrication of optical components opening up novel design possibilities for optical engineers. The key technical features of this large RAP machine are fast figuring capabilities, non-contact material removal tool, the use of a near Gaussian footprint energy beam, and a proven tool path strategy for the management of the heat transfer. Helios 1200 complies with the European machine safety standard and can be used with different types of reactive gases using either fluorine or chlorine compounds. In this paper, first the need for large optical component is discussed. Then, the RAP facility is described: radio frequency R.F generator, plasma torch, and 3 axis computer numerically controlled motion system. Both the machine design and the performance of the RAP tool is assessed under specific production conditions and in the context of meter class mirror and lens fabrication.

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Abbreviations

CELT:

California extremely large telescope

CCP:

Capacitively coupled plasma

CF4 :

Carbon tetra-fluoride

CPP:

Continuous phase plate

EUVL:

Extreme ultra violet lithography

ELT:

Extremely large telescopes

FWHM:

Full width at half maximum

IBF:

Ion beam figuring

ICP:

Inductively coupled plasma

NF3 :

Nitrogen tri-fluoride

RF:

Radio frequency

ROC:

Radius of curvature

RAP:

Reactive atom plasma

RMS:

Root mean square

SWR:

Standing wave ration

SF6 :

Sulfur hexafluoride

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Acknowledgments

This research work was funded by the Cranfield Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre (2007–2012) of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council UK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Applied Science, Precision Engineering Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK

    R. Jourdain, M. Castelli & P. Shore

  2. RAPT Industries, 46535 Fremont Blvd, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA

    P. Sommer & D. Proscia

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  1. R. Jourdain
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  2. M. Castelli
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  3. P. Shore
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  4. P. Sommer
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  5. D. Proscia
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Correspondence to R. Jourdain.

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Jourdain, R., Castelli, M., Shore, P. et al. Reactive atom plasma (RAP) figuring machine for meter class optical surfaces. Prod. Eng. Res. Devel. 7, 665–673 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-013-0467-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-013-0467-1

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