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Effect of salt stress on growth parameters, enzymatic antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation in wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

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Abstract

Efficient utilization of saline land for food cultivation can increase agricultural productivity and rural income. To obtain information on the salt tolerance/susceptibility of wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), the influence of salinity (0–260 mM NaCl) on chicory seed germination and that of two salinity levels of irrigation water (100 and 200 mM NaCl) on plant growth, antioxidative enzyme activity, and accumulation of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated. The trials were performed outdoors, in pots placed under a protective glass covering, for two consecutive years. Seeds showed a high capacity to germinate in saline conditions. The use of 100 mM NaCl solution resulted in 81 % germination, whereas seed germinability decreased below 40 % using salt concentrations above 200 mM NaCl. Wild chicory showed tolerance to medium salinity (100 mM NaCl), whereas a drastic reduction in biomass was observed when 200 mM NaCl solution was used for irrigation. MDA, present in higher amounts in leaves than in roots, decreased in both tissues under increasing salinity. Proline content increased remarkably with the level of salt stress, more so in roots than in leaves. In salt stress conditions, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, SOD) was enhanced. The electrophoretic patterns of the studied enzymes showed that the salinity of irrigation water affected only the intensity of bands, but did not activate new isoforms. Our results suggest that wild chicory is able to grow in soil with moderate salinity by activating antioxidative responses both in roots and leaves.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DM:

Dry matter

ECe :

Soil electrical conductivity (saturated paste extract method)

FM:

Fresh matter

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

POD:

Peroxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TCA:

Trichloracetic acid

TEMED:

Tetramethylethylene diamine

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Acknowledgments

Part of the present work was made within the PhD thesis in “Agronomia Mediterranea” carried out by Dr. Angela De Paola, who was supported by an education grant from Apulia Region, within the programme: “POR Puglia—FSE 2007/2013—Obiettivo 1 Convergenza, Asse IV—Capitale Umano”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Lucrezia Sergio, Angela De Paola, Vito Cantore, Maria Pieralice, Nicholas Anthony Cascarano & Donato Di Venere

  2. Department of Sciences of Plant Production (DSPV), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Vito Vincenzo Bianco

Authors
  1. Lucrezia Sergio
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  2. Angela De Paola
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  3. Vito Cantore
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  4. Maria Pieralice
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  5. Nicholas Anthony Cascarano
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  6. Vito Vincenzo Bianco
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  7. Donato Di Venere
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Correspondence to Donato Di Venere.

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Communicated by S. Weidner.

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Sergio, L., De Paola, A., Cantore, V. et al. Effect of salt stress on growth parameters, enzymatic antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation in wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Acta Physiol Plant 34, 2349–2358 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1038-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1038-3

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