Abstract
Plants respond to abiotic stresses such as salinity, extreme temperature and drought by the activation of complex intracellular signaling cascades that regulate acclimatory biochemical and physiological changes. Protein kinases are major signal transduction factors that play a central role in mediating acclimation to environmental changes in eukaryotic organisms. It is well known that changes in abiotic conditions such as the concentration of ions, temperature and humidity lead to modulation of polyamine contents in plants. However, little is known about the relevant part these polyamines play in abiotic stress responses. Here, we address a specific role of spermidine during high salt stress by studying its interaction with OSPDK, a sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2)-type serine/threonine protein kinase SAPK4 homolog in indica rice. In this report, we demonstrate that spermidine mediates in vitro phosphorylation of OSBZ8, a bZIP class of ABRE-binding transcription factor, by OSPDK. Our results give a first-hand indication of the pivotal role played by polyamines in abiotic stress cell signaling in plants.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- ABRE:
-
Abscisic acid responsive element
- bZIP:
-
Basic leucine zipper
- EMSA:
-
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- GST:
-
Glutathione S-transferase
- MBP:
-
Myelin basic protein
- PA:
-
Polyamine
- Put:
-
Putrescine
- SNF-1:
-
Sucrose non-fermenting protein 1
- SnRK2:
-
SNF1-related protein kinase 2
- Spd:
-
Spermidine
- Spm:
-
Spermine
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Acknowledgments
BG gratefully acknowledges the award of the JRF-ship and SRF-ship from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [F. No. 9/15(263)/2002-EMR-1]. Both BG and KG acknowledge the support of technical facilities available at Presidency University and Bethune College (Govt. of West Bengal, India), respectively. Financial assistance from UGC (Govt. of India) [F. PSW-071/09-10(ERO) and F. PSW-042/10-11(ERO)] to BG and KG, respectively, are also gratefully acknowledged.
Authors’ contribution
BG performed the cloning, bacterial over-expression and purification of full length OSBZ8 and OSPDK cDNAs, SQ RT-PCR of OSPDK, all gel shift experiments, and also participated in activity and in vitro phosphoryation assays. KG designed and performed all the phosphorylation assays, performed necessary bioinformatics and statistical analysis and assisted BG in cloning and expression analysis. DNSG assisted in design of experiment, coordinated the study and procured research fund. BG and KG, both contributed equally in drafting the manuscript in its final format. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Communicated by R. Aroca.
B. Gupta and K. Gupta contributed equally to this work.
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Gupta, B., Gupta, K. & Sengupta, D.N. Spermidine-mediated in vitro phosphorylation of transcriptional regulator OSBZ8 by SNF1-type serine/threonine protein kinase SAPK4 homolog in indica rice. Acta Physiol Plant 34, 1321–1336 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-0929-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-0929-7