Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change of a thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses and pulse trains

  • Feature Article
  • Published:
Frontiers in Energy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Effects of different parameters on the melting, vaporization and resolidification processes of thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond pulses and pulse train were systematically studied. The classical two-temperature model was adopted to depict the non-equilibrium heat transfer in electrons and lattice. The melting and resolidification processes, which was characterized by the solid-liquid interfacial velocity, as well as elevated melting temperature and depressed solidification temperature, was obtained by considering the interfacial energy balance and nucleation dynamics. Vaporization process which leads to ablation was described by tracking the location of liquid-vapor interface with an iterative procedure based on energy balance and gas kinetics law. The parameters in discussion included film thickness, laser fluence, pulse duration, pulse number, repetition rate, pulse train number, etc. Their effects on the maximum lattice temperature, melting depth and ablation depth were discussed based on the simulation results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang G X, Prasad V. Microscale heat and mass transfer and non-equilibrium phase change in rapid solidification. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2000, 292(2): 142–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hohlfeld J, Wellershoff S S, Gudde J, Conrad U, Jahnke V, Matthias E. Electron and lattice dynamics following optical excitation of metals. Chemical Physics, 2000, 251(1–3): 237–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Groeneveld R H M, Sprik R, Lagendijk A. Femtosecond spectroscopy of electron-electron and electron-phonon energy relaxation in Ag and Au. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 1995, 51(17): 11433–11445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Furukawa H, Hashida M. Simulation on femto-second laser ablation. Applied Surface Science, 2002, 197-198: 114–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Furusawa K, Takahashi K, Kumagai H, Midorikawa K, Obara M. Ablation characteristics of Au, Ag, and Cu metals using a femtosecond Ti: Sapphire laser. Applied Physics A, Materials Science & Processing, 1999, 69(7): S359–S366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Corkum P B, Brunel F, Sherman N K, Srinivasan-Rao T. Thermal response of metals to ultrashort-pulse laser excitation. Physical Review Letters, 1988, 61(25): 2886–2889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Anisimov S I, Kapeliovich B L, Perel’man T L. Electron emission from metal surfaces exposed to ultra-short laser pulses. Soviet Physics, JETP, 1974, 39(2): 375–377

    Google Scholar 

  8. Qiu T Q, Tien C L. Heat transfer mechanisms during short-pulse laser heating of metals. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1993, 115(4): 835–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tzou D Y. Macro- to Microscalse Heat Transfer. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tzou D Y. Computational techniques for microscale heat transfer. In: Minkowycz W J, Sparrow E M, Murthy J Y, eds. Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jiang L, Tsai H L. Improved two-temperature model and its application in ultrashort laser heating of metal films. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2005, 127(10): 1167–1173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen J K, Tzou D Y, Beraun J E. A semiclassical two-temperature model for ultrafast laser heating. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006, 49(1,2): 307–316

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Von der Linde D, Fabricius N, Danielzik B, Bonkhofer T. Solid phase superheating during picosecond laser melting of gallium arsenide. In: Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings. Pittsburgh, PA: Materials Research Society, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang Y, Chen J K. An interfacial tracking method for ultrashort pulse laser melting and resolidification of a thin metal film. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2008, 130(6): 062401–062410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen J K, Latham W P, Beraun J E. The role of electron-phonon coupling in ultrafast laser heating. Journal of Laser Applications, 2005, 17(1): 63–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chowdhury I H, Xu X. Heat transfer in femtosecond laser processing of metal. Numerical Heat Transfer. Part A: Applications, 2003, 44(3): 219–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Anisimov S I, Rethfeld B. Theory of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with a metal. In: Konov V I, Libenson M N, eds. Proceedings Of SPIE Vol 3093, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia, 1997

  18. Kuo L S, Qiu T. Microscale energy transfer during picosecond laser melting of metal films. In: ASME Natl Heat Transfer Conf, Baltimore, 1996

  19. Klemens P G, Williams R K. Thermal conductivity of metals and alloys. Int Metals Reviews, 1986, 31(5): 197–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Faghri A, Zhang Y. Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  21. Xu X, Chen G, Song K H. Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and phase change phenomena during excimer laser interaction with nickel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1999, 42(8): 1371–1382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Birks N, Meier G H, Pettit F S. Introduction to the High-Temperature Oxidation of Metals, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  23. Akhatov I, Lindau O, Topolnikov A, Mettin R, Vakhitova N, Lauterborn W. Collapse and rebound of a laser-induced cavitation bubble. Physics of Fluids, 2001, 13(10): 2805–2819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Huang J, Zhang Y, Chen J K. Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change in a thin gold film irradiated by multiple femtosecond laser pulses. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(13-14): 3091–3100

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Huang J, Zhang Y, Chen J K. Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change of a gold film induced by pico-to femtosecond lasers. Applied Physics A, Materials Science & Processing, 2009, 95(3): 643–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Patankar S. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. New York: Taylor & Francis, 1980

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Jing Huang, Yuwen Zhang & J. K. Chen

  2. College of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Mo Yang

Authors
  1. Jing Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuwen Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. K. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mo Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuwen Zhang.

Additional information

Dr. Yuwen Zhang is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at University of Missouri. His research interests are in the areas of thermalfluids science and engineering, including ultrafast and high-energy laser materials interaction, multiscale transport phenomena in multiphase systems, inverse problems and optimization under uncertainty, micro- and nanoscale heat transfer, and sustainable and renewable energy. His research has been funded by the Office of Naval Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, Army Program Executive Office, and National Science Foundation (NSF), as well as the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He is author of two books, 150 journal articles, and more than 100 conference papers. His innovative works have earned him many awards including the 2002 Young Investigator Award from the Office of Naval Research and the 2010 Chancellor’s Award for Outstanding Research and Creative Activity from the University of Missouri. Professor Zhang has been awarded a 2008 Chang Jiang Chair Professorship by the Ministry of Education of China.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Huang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, J.K. et al. Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change of a thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses and pulse trains. Front. Energy 6, 1–11 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0179-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0179-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation