Abstract
The interest in using magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) as a carrier for immobilization is overwhelming due to high surface area and lightweight properties. However, the conventional synthesis of MNPs required use of high amount of chemicals and is a time-consuming process. Thus, in the present research, magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized via water-based system using simple steps. The synthesized m-MWCNTs was used as carrier for the immobilization of cellulase. Cellulase was proven to be successfully bounded on m-MWCNTs using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that revealed a peak at 580.33 cm−1 indicating Fe–O stretching in parallel with observation of rougher and coarser surface of m-MWCNTs through scanning electron microscope. The total binding efficiency of cellulase to the m-MWCNTs was determined to be 95% at 5 mg/mL of the enzyme concentration. The activity of the immobilized cellulase was evaluated using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a substrate. Both of free and immobilized cellulase showed optimum working condition at 50 °C and pH 5. Furthermore, the immobilized cellulase was found to be able to retain more than 50% of its initial activity at the fifth cycle of the hydrolysis of CMC and filter paper. A similar activity was recorded with paddy straw at the third cycle of hydrolysis.
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Abbreviations
- T :
-
Temperature °C
- t:
-
Time h
- t:
-
Time min
- mL:
-
Volume
- mg:
-
Mass
- g:
-
Mass
- U:
-
Enzyme unit
- M:
-
Molarity
- %:
-
Percentage
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Grant No: 9003-00530[FRGS/1/2015/SG05/UNIMAP/02/4] entitled "Identification of New Cellulolytic Bacterial Strains from Tropical Mangrove Soil from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia" and Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Research Fund: IPSR/RMC/UTARRF/2019-C2/S02.
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Yasmin, H.A.N., Naresh, S., Kunasundari, B. et al. Immobilization of cellulase on magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) synthesized via eco-friendly (water-based) method. Chem. Pap. 76, 453–464 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01874-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01874-7