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Polypyrrole composites with carbon materials for supercapacitors

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Abstract

Supercapacitors fill the gap between batteries and conventional solid state and electrolytic capacitors. Polypyrrole (PPy) is a very important electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the repeated volume changes usually damage PPy structure and result in PPy poor stability during a long-term charging/discharging process. PPy/carbon material composites were prepared to overcome the defects of pure PPy electrodes, and significant enhancement for the specific capacitance, charging/discharging rate and electrodes stability was demonstrated thereafter. The development of composite electrodes based on PPy and carbon materials is reviewed in this paper.

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Abbreviations

PPy:

Polypyrrole

EDLCs:

Electrical double-layer capacitors

ECs:

Electrochemical pseudocapacitors

AC:

Activated carbon

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CFs:

Carbon fibers

CA:

Carbon aerogels

GP:

Graphene

PVSn− :

Polyvinylsulfonate

PSSn− :

Polystyrenesulfonate

DS− :

Dodecylsulfate

NS− :

1-Naphthalenesulfonate

COP:

Chemical oxidation polymerization

EOP:

Electrochemical oxidation polymerization

VA-CNTs:

Vertically aligned CNTs

MWNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

SWNTs:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

PPy/P-CNTs:

Polypyrrole/plasma-activated CNTs

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

CFP:

Carbon fibers paper

PECVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

EPD:

Electrochemical pulse deposition

N-AC-MWNTs:

Nitrogen-doped AC-coated MWCNTs

GO:

Graphene oxide

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

SG:

Sulfonated graphene

MG/PPy:

Macroporous graphene/polypyrrole

GP/PA:

Graphene/polypyrrole aerogel

EPD:

Electrophoretic deposition

FSSC:

Fiber-shaped supercapacitors

PVA/H2SO4 :

Polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4

NG/PPy:

N-doped graphene/polypyrrole

PPy-NFs:

Polypyrrole nanofibers

PPy-CNTs:

Polypyrrole-coated carbon nanotubes

PPy/P(DMcT)/CFs:

Polypyrrole/poly 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole/carbon fibers

N-CNFs:

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers

PPy/CCB:

Polypyrrole/conductive carbon black

GO/CNF:

Graphene oxide/carbon nanofiber films

CNF/GP/PPy:

Foam carbon nanofiber/graphene/polypyrrole

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank for the financial supports by Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of chain (Grant No. 2015JM2051), doctor Startup Fund of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology (Grant No. BJ12-05) and Shaanxi Science and Technology Co-ordinating Innovative Engineering Project (Grant No. 2013KTCL14).

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  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China

    Jingping Wang, Xiao Li & Hongrui Ma

  2. Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Xianfeng Du & Jie Wang

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Xinli Jing

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  1. Jingping Wang
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  2. Xiao Li
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  3. Xianfeng Du
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Wang, J., Li, X., Du, X. et al. Polypyrrole composites with carbon materials for supercapacitors. Chem. Pap. 71, 293–316 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-016-0048-9

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