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Nutritional Consequences of Adjustable Gastric Banding and Gastric Bypass: A 1-year Prospective Study

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Abstract

Background

Gastric bypass (GBP) is more efficient than adjustable gastric banding (AGB) on weight loss and comorbidities, but potentially induces more nutritional deficits. However, no study has compared the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies after these two bariatric procedures.

We prospectively compared

To prospectively compare the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies after AGB and GBP.

Methods

We have performed a 1-year prospective study of nutritional parameters in 70 consecutive severe obese patients, who had undergone bariatric surgery, 21 AGB and 49 GBP. After GBP, multivitamin supplements were systematically prescribed and vitamin B12 supplementation was introduced if a deficiency was observed.

Results

Patients lost more weight after GBP than after AGB (40 ± 13 vs 16 ± 8 kg, p < 0.001). Vitamins B1 and C and iron deficiencies were frequent before surgery but were not worsened by GBP. AGB only induced a slight decrease of vitamin B1 at 1 year, whereas GBP induced significant decreases of vitamins B12 and E, serum prealbumin, and creatinine concentrations, with only minor clinical consequences. Anemia was observed in 10% of the patients after bariatric surgery. Hemoglobin concentration was not correlated to vitamin B12 or folate concentrations but was related to iron status. Risk of iron deficiency anemia was better assessed by transferrin saturation than by serum ferritin concentration in this obese population.

Conclusion

Severe nutritional deficits can be avoided after bariatric surgery if patients are systematically supplemented with multivitamin and carefully monitored. However, specific care is required to avoid iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, anemia, and protein malnutrition.

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Acknowledgments

Contribution of each author: SL and MC contributed to the conception and design of the study; MC, SL, PJ, and KP contributed to data collection. CB contributed to the interpretation of biochemical assays. SM contributed to patient recruitment and performed surgery. CC contributed to patient recruitment. SL and EL contributed to data interpretation and wrote the manuscript. The authors thank Philippe Boudou (Unité de Biochimie Hormonale, Hôpital Saint Louis [AP-HP], 75010 Paris), Fathi Moussa (Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Trousseau [AP-HP], 75012 Paris), and Thierry Dupré (Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Bichat [AP-HP], 75018 Paris) for biochemical assays. They thank Pauline Chenebault and Marie-Christine Breuil for their help in quantification of caloric intake.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre de référence de l’Obésité, Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700, Colombes, France

    Muriel Coupaye, Christine Clerici & Séverine Ledoux

  2. Unité de Diététique, Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), 92700, Colombes, France

    Karin Puchaux

  3. Service de Biochimie, Centre de référence de l’Obésité, Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), 92700, Colombes, France

    Catherine Bogard

  4. Service de Chirurgie, Centre de référence de l’Obésité, Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), 92700, Colombes, France

    Simon Msika

  5. Service de Gastro-Entérologie, Centre de référence de l’Obésité, Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), 92700, Colombes, France

    Pauline Jouet

  6. INSERM U833, Médecine Expérimentale, Collège de France, 75005, Paris, France

    Etienne Larger

Authors
  1. Muriel Coupaye
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  2. Karin Puchaux
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  3. Catherine Bogard
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  4. Simon Msika
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  6. Christine Clerici
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  7. Etienne Larger
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  8. Séverine Ledoux
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Correspondence to Séverine Ledoux.

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Coupaye, M., Puchaux, K., Bogard, C. et al. Nutritional Consequences of Adjustable Gastric Banding and Gastric Bypass: A 1-year Prospective Study. OBES SURG 19, 56–65 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-008-9571-2

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