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Biochemical variability and functional properties of cowpea landraces grown in Hoggar: the Algerian arid region

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Abstract

Cowpea is among the most grain legumes consumed in Algeria. The Algerian Saharan is a hostile environment characterized by high temperatures, scarcity of water and salinity of water and soil. In these regions, the farmers have for generations cultivated landraces cowpeas which are probably adapted to these particular environments and which may have particular nutritional and functional characteristics. These cowpeas deserve to be known and exploited in breeding and improvement programs. This study aims to determine the nutritional value and functional properties of Saharan cowpea through their chemical composition and the analysis of biochemical variability between accessions taking into consideration the environments of origin. Eighteen cowpea landraces were harvested in an arid region of southern Algeria (Hoggar, Tamanrasset). The seeds composition was evaluated by the determination of certain chemical characteristics such as moisture ash, crude protein, fat, total carbohydrates, and energy value. The antioxidant activity was also evaluated which includes total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (CANET) and lipid peroxidation, which were determined by conventional methods. The results showed variability among the accessions studied (p ≥ 0.05), and that all the landraces had high crude protein and total carbohydrates. The total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (CANET) recorded is low, as well as lipid peroxidation. The moisture content, ash content and fat content were also low in these saharan cowpea accessions. The Functional properties of the flour were also evaluated. The water absorption capacity (WAC) varies with an average of 1.17 g/gMS, the oil absorption capacity (OAC) with an average of 0.4 g/gMs, and the swelling index (SI) with an average of 2.63. The accessions NEA7 and NEA13 are the richest in protein and they have the highest nutritional value. We report here for the first time that cowpea seeds grown in the Hoggar region have high biochemical variability and highly acceptable functional characteristics; however, they could be a good source of nutrients.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge their funding agency in the public: The Directorate-General (La DGRSDT) for their financial support that they gave us during the whole realization period of this research. Also, our acknowledgments are to the members of the research group 02 of the laboratory of Integrated Improvement of Vegetable Productions ( AIPV-CP2711100) (El Harrach, Algiers), to Division of Agriculture and Biotechnology, National Research Center for Biotechnology (CRBT, Constantine, Algeria) and to Laboratory of Genetic, Biochemistry and Plant Biotechnology of University des Frères Mentouri Constantine 01, Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences (Constantine, Algeria) for providing us the technical assistance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de Productions Végétales, Laboratoire Amélioration Intégrative Des Productions Végétales (AIPV), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Avenue Hassan Badi 16004, El Harrach, Alger, Algérie

    Basseddik Aida & Tellah Sihem

  2. Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimie et Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté Des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Bellil Ines

  3. Division de Biotechnologie et Agriculture, Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie (CRBt), 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Lachlah Hatem

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  1. Basseddik Aida
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Aida, B., Sihem, T., Ines, B. et al. Biochemical variability and functional properties of cowpea landraces grown in Hoggar: the Algerian arid region. Food Measure 15, 3509–3522 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-00919-5

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