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Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Opuntia streptacantha fruit skin

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Abstract

Opuntia species are utilized as local medicinal interventions for chronic diseases and as food sources mainly because they possess nutritional properties and biological activities. This study aimed to disclose the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of two extracts recovered from Opuntia streptacantha fruit skin collected from Kasserine region in Tunisia using ethanol (EFSE) and water (AFSE). The results revealed that the phytochemical contents are higher in the EFSE. The major phenolic compounds of this extract were quinic acid, trans ferrelic acid and hyperoside. Also, EFSE was shown to exhibit the highest free radical scavenging by DPPH assay with a half-maximally effective concentration (IC50) of 0.22 ± 0.006 mg/ml, while AFSE was less active and it's IC50 (effective concentration at which DPPH radical was scavenged by 50%) were above 0.61 ± 0.002 mg/ml. Moreover, the extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against 7 bacteria and 3 fungal strains and the results showed that the extracts exhibited the strongest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and that the Micrococcus luteus strain was the most sensitive to the EFSE, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations values of 4.75 mg/ml and 36.5 mg/ml respectively. For fungal strains, Fusarium oxysporum was the most sensitive for both extracts and exhibited the lowest MIC and minimum fungicidal concentrations compared to other strains. These findings reveal that the EFSE have strong bioactive compounds and hence support its ethnomedicinal application.

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Abbreviations

TPC:

Total polyphenolic contents

TFC:

Total flavonoid contents

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

AAE:

Ascorbic acid equivalent

CAT:

Catechin

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

Trolox:

6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra methyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid

ABTS:

2,20-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

TEAC:

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

MHA:

Mueller Hinton agar

EFSE:

Ethanol fruit skin extract

AFSE:

Aqueous fruit skin extract

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

MFC:

Minimal fungicidal concentration

MIC:

Minimal inhibitory concentration

PDA:

Potatoes dextrose agar

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research through the Research Unit “Valorisation of Actives Biomolecules” in Higher Institute of Applied Biology University of Gabes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia

    Mohamed Nizar Zourgui, Mbarka Hfaiedh, Dalel Brahmi, Wissal Affi & Lazhar Zourgui

  2. Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

    Mohamed Amri

  3. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia

    Néji Gharsallah

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  1. Mohamed Nizar Zourgui
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Zourgui, M.N., Hfaiedh, M., Brahmi, D. et al. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Opuntia streptacantha fruit skin. Food Measure 14, 2721–2733 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00518-w

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