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Metal bioaccumulation in the soil–leaf–fruit system determined by neutron activation analysis

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Abstract

The determination of macro- and microelements in soil–leaf–fruit systems is extremely important for the quality of the fruits and for consumer health. The content of major and trace elements in selected varieties of fruits (apple, plum, and grape) as well as in leaves and soils samples, collected in the Republic of Moldova, was determined using neutron activation analysis. Soil elemental content allowed evidencing more similarities between the considered soils and the World Average Soil, while the content of trace elements corresponds to average values obtained for microelements in the Republic of Moldova. The content of the main part of the element in apple fruits was higher in comparison with plum and grape fruits. The highest concentration in case of all fruits was obtained for K: 14,500 µg/g (grape), 21,600 µg/g (plum) and 23,700 µg/g (apple). Transfer factors from soils to leaves and fruits as well as from leaves to fruits, the daily intake of metals, and the hazard quotient indices were calculated. The transfer factor calculated for different systems showed large differences between metals. The values for the estimated dietary intakes and hazard quotients for toxic elements (Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn) were lower than the recommended safety limits by Food and Nutrition Board. Therefore, the analyzed fruits were considered to be safe for human consumption.

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Notes

  1. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. A Report of the Panel on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, Dubna, Russia, 1419890

    Inga Zinicovscaia, Konstantin Vergel & Svetlana Gundorina

  2. Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., MG-6, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania

    Inga Zinicovscaia

  3. The Institute of Chemistry, 3, Academiei Str., 2028, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova

    Inga Zinicovscaia & Gheorghe Duca

  4. Technical University of Moldova, 168 Bd. Stefan cel Mare, 2004, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova

    Rodica Sturza & Irina Gurmeza

Authors
  1. Inga Zinicovscaia
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  2. Rodica Sturza
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  3. Irina Gurmeza
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  4. Konstantin Vergel
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  5. Svetlana Gundorina
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  6. Gheorghe Duca
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Correspondence to Inga Zinicovscaia.

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Zinicovscaia, I., Sturza, R., Gurmeza, I. et al. Metal bioaccumulation in the soil–leaf–fruit system determined by neutron activation analysis. Food Measure 13, 592–601 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9972-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9972-4

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