Abstract
Fractionation and reconstitution techniques were utilized to study the contribution of flour fractions mainly gluten in chapatti dough rheology and baking performance of chapatti. Micro-scale rheological methods and micro scale baking test on the basis of 10 g flour were used. Two Indian wheat cultivars (NIAW-301 and NIAW-34) were studied. Fractionation which involved defatting of flour, isolation of gluten, collection of aqueous suspension and separation into a soluble fraction and two starch fractions (upper and lower layer) by centrifugation. Reconstitution of the flour given reproducible results. Spreadability of the dough prepared from reconstituted dough was poor and decreased by 23.7 %. Addition of gluten to the dough resulted into decreased spreadability and increased dough resistance. Chapattis was prepared from fractionated flour showed poor baking performance. Addition of extra gluten to the flour resulted into good, pliable and soft textured chapatti.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.S. Hemalatha, R.S. Manohar, P.V. Salimath, UJS Prasada Rao, effect of added arabinoxylans isolated from good and poor chapati making wheat varieties on rheological properties of dough and chapatti making quality. Food Nutri. Sci. 4, 884–892 (2013)
A. Van Der Borght, H. Goesaert, W.S. Veraverbeke, J.A. Delcour, Fractionation of wheat and wheat flour into starch and gluten: overview of the main processes and the factors involved. J. Cereal Sci. 41(3), 221–237 (2005)
K.F. Finney, Fractionating and reconstituting techniques as tools in wheat flour research. Cereal Chem. 20, 381 (1943)
W.G. Bechtel, D.F. Meisner, Staling studies of bread made with flour fractions, III effect of crumb moisture and of tailing starch. Cereal Chem. 31, 176 (1954)
C.C. Walden, W.B. McConnel, Studies on techniques for reconstituting flour. Cereal Chem. 32, 227 (1955)
D.C. Udy, Interaction between proteins and polysaccharides of wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 34, 37–46 (1957)
W.F. Sollars, Fractionation and reconstitution procedure for cake flour. Cereal Chem. 35, 85–99 (1958)
J.G. Ponte, V.A. Destefanis, Note on the separation and baking properties of polar and nonpolar wheat flour lipids. Cereal Chem. 46, 325 (1969)
A. Grabberger, P. Schieberle, P. Koehler, Fractionation and reconstitution of wheat flour—effect on dough rheology and baking. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 216, 204–211 (2003)
P. H. Rao, Studies on Chapatti and Similar Traditional Foods. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Mysore, 1982
M.R. Lee, B.G. Swanson, B.K. Baik, Influence of amylase content on properties of wheat starch and bread-making quality of starch and gluten blends. Cereal Chem. 78, 701–706 (2001)
F.J. MacRitchie, Evaluation of contributions from wheat protein fractions to dough mixing and bread making. J. Cereal Sci. 6, 259 (1987)
W.S. Veraverbeke, J.A. Delcour, Wheat protein composition and properties of wheat glutenin in relation to bread making functionality. CRT Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42(3), 179–208 (2002)
A. Austin, A. Ram, Studies on Chapatti Making Quality of Wheat. Technical Bulletin No. 31 (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 1971)
A.K. Srivastava, H.P. Rao, W. Seibel, Role of gluten ad its fractions in determining the chapatti making potential of whole wheat flour, vol 217, in Proceedings of the IV International Food Convention Association of Food Scientists and Technologists (India), Mysore, 1998
T. Webb, P.W. Heaps, J.B.M. Coppock, Protein quality and quantity: a rheological assessment of their relative importance in bread making. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 6, 47–62 (1971)
P. Prabhasankar, R. Manohar, L.R. Gowda, Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of selected wheat cultivars and their correlation to chapatti making quality. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 214, 131–137 (2002)
F.J. MacRitchie, D.L. DuCros, C.W. Wrigley, Flour polypeptides related to wheat quality, in Advances in cereal science and technology, ed. by Y. Pomeranz (American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul., 1999), pp. 79–145
P. Kolster, J.M. Vereijken, Evaluating HMW glutenin subunits to improve bread-making quality of wheat. Cereal Foods World 38, 76–82 (1993)
S.R. Shurpalekar, C. Prabhavathi, Brabender farinograph, research extensometer and Hilliff chapatti press as tools for standardization and objective assessment of chapatti dough. Cereal Chem. 53(4), 457–469 (1976)
B.P. Ram, S.N. Nigam, Puffing and textural characteristics of chapatti in relation to varietal differences in gluten composition. J. Food Sci. 47, 231–233 (1981)
F. MacRitchie, Studies of the methodology for fractionation and reconstitution of wheat flour. J. Cereal Sci. 3, 221–230 (1985)
J.S. Sidhu, W. Seibel, D. Meyer, Gelatinization of starch during preparation of Indian unleavened flat breads. Die Staerke 42(9), 336–341 (1990)
D.B. Bechtel, Y.D. Pomeranz, Breadmaking studied by light and transmission electronic microscopy. Cereal Chem. 55, 392–401 (1978)
R.C. Hoseney, P.A. Seib, Structural differences in hard and soft wheat. Baker’s Dig. 47(6), 26 (1973)
A.K. Srivastava, D. Meyer, P.H. Rao, W. Seibel, Scanning electron microscopic study of dough and chapatti from gluten-reconstituted good and poor quality flour. J. Cereal Sci. 35(2), 119–128 (2002)
M. Katyal, A.S. Virdi, A. Kaur, N. Singh, S. Kaur, A.K. Ahlawat, A.M. Singh, Diversity in quality traits amongst Indian wheat varieties I: flour and protein characteristics. Food Chem. 194, 337–344 (2015)
A. Kaur, N. Singh, A.K. Ahlawat, S. Kaur, A.M. Singh, H. Chauhan, G.P. Singh, Diversity in grain, flour, dough and gluten properties amongst Indian wheat cultivars varying in high molecular weight subunits (HMW-GS). Food Res. Int. 53, 63–72 (2013)
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. Method No. 985. 29. 15th Ed. (The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington D.C., 1990)
AACC. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists America, USA. (Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, 2000)
R.A. Anderson, H.F. Conway, V.F. Pfiefer, E.J. Griffin, Gelatinization of corn frits by roll and extrusion cooking. Cereal Sci. Today 14, 10–12 (1969)
R.M. McCready, W.Z. Hasid, The separation and quantitative estimation of amylose and amylopectin in potato starch. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 1154–1157 (1943)
R.C. Hoseney, J. Smewing, Instrumental measurement of stickiness of dough and other foods. J. Texture Stud. 30, 123–136 (1999)
P. Joshi, C.J.B. Brimelow, Color measurement of foods by color reflectance, in Color in Foods Improving Quality, ed. by D.B. McDougall (Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, 2002), pp. 41–101
S. Singh, N. Singh, F. MacRitchie, Relationship of polymeric proteins with pasting, gel dynamic- and dough empirical-rheology in different Indian wheat varieties. Food Hydrocoll. 25, 19–24 (2011)
J. Qarooni, Wheat Flour Tortilla, vol.15. (American Institute of Baking, 1993), pp. 1–8
H.P. Rao, K. Leelavathi, S.R. Shurpalekar, Effect of damaged starch on the chapatti-making quality of whole wheat-flour. Cereal Chem. 66(4), 329–333 (1989)
S.K. Ghodke, L. Ananthanarayan, L. Rodrigues, Use of response surface methodology to investigate the effects of milling conditions on damaged starch, dough stickiness and chapatti quality. Food Chem. 112, 1010–1015 (2009)
O.K. Chung, Y. Pomeranz, K.F. Finney, Wheat flour lipid in bradmaking. Cereal Chem. 55, 598–618 (1978)
I.M. Verbruggen, J.A. Delcour, Extension properties of wheat flour dough fortified with characterized wheat gluten fractions. J. Cereal Sci. 37(151), 156 (2003)
P. Fustier, F. Castaigne, S.L. Turgeon, C.G. Biliaderis, Semi-sweet biscuit making potential of soft wheat flour patent, middle-cut and clear mill streams made with native and reconstituted flours. J. Cereal Sci. 46, 119–131 (2007)
W.Z. Chen, R.C. Hoseney, Development of an objective method for dough stickiness. Lebensm Wiss u Technol. 28, 467–473 (1995)
B.P. Ram, S.N. Nigam, Texturometer as a tool for studying varietal differences in wheat flour doughs and gluten proteins. J. Texture Stud. 14, 245–249 (1983)
G. Noguchi, M. Shinya, K. Tanaka, T. Yoneyama, Correlation of dough stickiness with texturometer reading and with various quality parameters. Cereal Chem. 53, 72–77 (1976)
C.S. Gaines, Influence of dough absorption level and time on stickiness and consistency in sugar-snap cookie doughs. Cereal Chem. 59, 404–407 (1982)
A.S. Dhaliwal, D.J. Mares, D.R. Marshall, Measurement of dough surface stickiness associated with the 1B/1R chromosome translocation in bread wheats. J. Cereal Sci. 12, 165–175 (1990)
S.S. Heddleson, D.D. Hamann, P.R. Lineback, L. Slade, Pressure-sensitive adhesive properties of wheat flour dough and the influence of temperature, separation rate and moisture content. Cereal Chem. 71, 564–570 (1994)
I. Hlynka, Rheological properties of dough and their significance in the bread making process. Baker’s Dig. 44, 40–57 (1970)
E. Armero, C. Collar, Texture properties of formulated wheat doughs relationship with dough and bread technological quality. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A 204, 136–145 (1997)
S. Hartmann, P. Koehler, Fractionation of cereal flour by sedimentation in non-aqueous systems. II. Rheological characterisation and baking performance of the protein fraction. J. Cereal Sci. 48, 548–555 (2008)
W. Grosch, Redox systems in dough, in Chemistry and Physics of Baking, ed. by J.M.V. Blanshard, P.J. Frazier, T. Galliard (Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1986), pp. 155–169
I.A. Lambert, J.L. Kokini, Effect of l-cysteine on the rheological properties of wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 78, 226–230 (2001)
R. Sarwin, G. Laskawy, W. Grosch, Changes in the levels of glutathione and cysteine during the mixing of doughs with l-threo- and d-erythro-ascorbic acid. Cereal Chem. 70, 553–557 (1993)
J.D. Schofield, I.X. Chen, Analysis of free reduced and free oxidised Glutathione in wheat flour. J. Cereal Sci. 21, 127–136 (1995)
Y.P. Abrol, D.C. Uprety, A. Ram, S. Tikoo, Phenol color reaction as an indicator of chapatti quality in wheat. Sabrao News 3(l), 17–21 (1971)
D.D. Kasarda, J.E. Bernardin, C.O. Qualset, Relationship of wheat gliadin components to chromosomes in hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum L.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 3646–3650 (1976)
W. Dong, R.C. Hoseney, Effect of certain breadmaking oxidants and reducing agents on dough rheological properties. Cereal Chem. 72, 58–64 (1995)
W.S. Veraverbeke, J.A. Delcour, Wheat protein composition and properties of wheat glutenin in relation to breadmaking functionality. CRT Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42, 179–208 (2002)
P. Fustier, F. Castaigne, S.L. Turgeon, C.G. Biliader, Impact of endogenous constituents from different flour milling streams on dough rheology and semi-sweet biscuit making potential by partial substitution of a commercial soft wheat flour. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 42, 363–371 (2009)
K. Kobrehel, B. Laignelet, P. Feillet, Study of some factors of macaroni brownness. Cereal Chem. 51, 675–684 (1974)
L. Vamos-Vigyazo, Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in fruits and vegetables. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 15, 49–127 (1981)
J.E. Kruger, G. Reed, Enzymes and color, in Wheat: Chemistry and Technology, vol. I, erad, ed. by Y. Pomeranz (American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, 1988), pp. 441–450
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arya, S., Ananthanarayan, L., Rodrigues, L. et al. Fractionation and reconstitution of whole wheat flour and its effect on dough and chapatti quality. Food Measure 10, 614–624 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-016-9345-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-016-9345-9