Abstract
Fruits provide nutrients for human body and are able to prevent sorts of non-communicable diseases. The fruit quality test is an area that both technology and market section concern about. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a rapid, precise, and non-destructive technique which can be well utilized in determination of fruit quality. This review paper summarizes the theory of NIR analysis, and the fundamental structure of instruments based on NIR for fruit quality assessment. Chemometrics for NIR spectroscopy involving analysis methods of data pre-processing, calibration, model transfer and evaluation, is also included. In recent 11 years, significant progresses were achieved in fruit quality assessment via NIR spectroscopy, which is the main focus in this review. Furthermore, urgent problems in this research field are discussed, expecting to be solved in the near future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Joffe, A. Robertson, Public Health Nutr. 4(4), 893–901 (2001)
M. Sorensen, O. Raaschou-Nielsen, C. Brasch-Andersen, A. Tjonneland, K. Overvad, H. Autrup, Lung Cancer 55(2), 137–144 (2007)
FAO, http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/focus/2003/fruitveg1.htm (2003)
L.M. Reid, C.P. O’Donnell, G. Downey, Trend Food Sci. Technol. 17(7), 344–353 (2006)
W.F. McClure, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 11(6), 487–518 (2003)
K. Lee, G. Kim, S. Kang, J. Son, D. Choi, K. Choi, Measurement of sugar contents in citrus using near infrared transmittance. in Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation, Pt 1–3 (2004), pp. 1014–1019
C. Ortiz, P. Barreiro, E. Correa, F. Riquelme, M. Ruiz-Altisent, J. Agric. Eng. Res. 78(3), 281–289 (2001)
V.A. McGlone, R.B. Jordan, R. Seelye, P.J. Martinsen, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 26(2), 191–198 (2002)
P. Sirisomboon, M. Tanaka, S. Fujita, T. Kojima, J. Food Eng. 78(2), 701–707 (2007)
R.F. Lu, J. Texture Stud. 35(3), 263–276 (2004)
J. Xing, C. Bravo, D. Moshou, H. Ramon, J. De Baerdemaeker, Comput. Electron. Agric. 52(1–2), 11–20 (2006)
X. Zou, J. Zhao, Y. Li, Vib. Spectrosc. 44(2), 220–227 (2007)
S. Saranwong, J. Sornsrivichai, S. Kawano, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 31(2), 137–145 (2004)
L. Xie, Y. Ying, T. Ying, J. Food Eng. 82(3), 395–401 (2007)
V. Bellon, J.L. Vigneau, F. Sevila, Food Control 5(1), 21–27 (1994)
J.K. Holland, E.K. Kemsley, R.H. Wilson, J. Sci. Food Agric. 75(3), 391–400 (1997)
M. Ahro, M. Hakala, J. Kauppinen, H. Kallio, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 371(4), 541–549 (2001)
W.H. Chang, S. Chen, C.C. Tsai, Trans. Asae 41(6), 1739–1745 (1998)
P. Williams, K. Norris, Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries, 2nd edn. (American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc, St. Paul, 2001)
B. Stuart, Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2004)
M. Golic, K.B. Walsh, Anal. Chim. Acta 555(2), 286–291 (2006)
A. Peirs, N. Scheerlinck, K. Touchant, B.M. Nicolai, Biosyst. Eng. 81(3), 305–311 (2002)
J. Lammertyn, A. Peirs, J. De Baerdemaeker, B. Nicolai, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 18(2), 121–132 (2000)
J.A. Cayuela, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 47(1), 75–80 (2008)
P.N. Schaare, D.G. Fraser, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 20, 175–184 (2000)
X. Fu, Y. Ying, Y. Zhou, L. Xie, H. Xu, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 9(7), 552–557 (2008)
D.W. Ball, The basics of spectroscopy (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, 2001)
Y. Yan, Principle and application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis, 1st edn. (China Light Industry Press, Beijing, 2005)
F. Hahn, I. Lopez, G. Hernandez, Biosyst. Eng. 89(1), 93–99 (2004)
Z. Xiaobo, Z. Jiewen, H. Xingyi, L. Yanxiao, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 87(1), 43–51 (2007)
H.A.D. Filho, R.K.H. Galvao, M.C.U. Araujo, E.C. da Silva, T.C.B. Saldanha, G.E. Jose, C. Pasquini, I. Milton Raimundo, J.J.R. Rohwedder, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 72(1), 83–91 (2004)
A. Peirs, J. Tirry, B. Verlinden, P. Darius, B.M. Nicolai, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 28(2), 269–280 (2003)
A. Peirs, N. Scheerlinck, B.M. Nicolai, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 30(3), 233–248 (2003)
D. Donald, D. Coomans, Y. Everingham, D. Cozzolino, M. Gishen, T. Hancock, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 82(1–2), 122–129 (2006)
J.P. Li, X.P. Fu, Y. Zhou, Y.B. Ying, L.J. Xie, X.Y. Niu, Z.K. Yan, H.Y. Yu, Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 26(9), 1605–1609 (2006)
V.A. McGlone, R.B. Jordan, R. Seelye, C.J. Clark, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 28(3), 431–435 (2003)
B.M. Nicolai, K.I. Theron, J. Lammertyn, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 85(2), 243–252 (2007)
F. Chauchard, R. Cogdill, S. Roussel, J.M. Roger, V. Bellon-Maurel, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 71(2), 141–150 (2004)
Y. Ying, Y. Liu, J. Food Eng. 84, 206–213 (2008)
C.V. Greensill, K.B. Walsh, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 10(1), 27–35 (2002)
C.V. Greensill, P.J. Wolfs, C.H. Spiegelman, K.B. Walsh, Appl. Spectrosc. 55(5), 647–653 (2001)
M.C. Alamar, E. Bobelyn, J. Lammertyn, B.M. Nicolai, E. Molto, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 45(1), 38–45 (2007)
V.H. Segtnan, T. Isaksson, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 8(2), 109–116 (2000)
L.E. Rodriguez-Saona, F.S. Fry, M.A. McLaughlin, E.M. Calvey, Carbohydr. Res. 336(1), 63–74 (2001)
A.M. Goula, K.G. Adamopoulos, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 11(2), 123–136 (2003)
J. Irudayaraj, J. Tewari, Appl. Spectrosc. 57(12), 1599–1604 (2003)
S.N. Jha, T. Matsuoka, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 39(4), 425–430 (2004)
H.Y. Cen, Y. He, M. Huang, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 54(20), 7437–7443 (2006)
J.Y. Chen, H. Zhang, R. Matsunaga, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 54(26), 9652–9657 (2006)
L. Contal, V. Leon, G. Downey, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 10(4), 289–299 (2002)
G. Downey, J.D. Kelly, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 52(2), 204–209 (2004)
R.G. Dambergs, A. Kambouris, I.L. Francis, M. Gishen, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 50(11), 3079–3084 (2002)
Y.D. Liu, Y. Ying, H.Y. Yu, X.P. Fu, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 54(8), 2810–2815 (2006)
L. Bochereau, P. Bourgine, B. Palagos, J. Agric. Eng. Res. 51, 207–216 (1992)
V. Bellon, G. Rabatel, C. Guizard, Food Control 3(1), 49–54 (1992)
A.T. Abebe, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 14(1), 67–70 (2006)
M. Ventura, A. de Jager, H. de Putter, F. Roelofs, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 14(1), 21–27 (1998)
B.M. Nicolai, B.E. Verlinden, M. Desmet, S. Saevels, W. Saeys, K. Theron, R. Cubeddu, A. Pifferi, A. Torricelli, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 47(1), 68–74 (2008)
S. Bureau, D. Ruiz, M. Reich, B. Gouble, D. Bertrand, J.-M. Audergon, C.M.G.C. Renard, Food Chem. 113, 1323–1328 (2009)
X.P. Fu, Y.B. Ying, H.S. Lu, H.Y. Yu, H.R. Xu, Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 27(5), 911–915 (2007)
X. Fu, J. Li, Y. Zhou, Y. Ying, L. Xie, X. Niu, Z. Yan, H. Yu, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 10(2), 120–125 (2009)
C. Van Dijk, C. Boeriu, F. Peter, T. Stolle-Smits, L.M.M. Tijskens, J. Food Eng. 77(3), 575–584 (2006)
R.L. Long, K.B. Walsh, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 57(4), 403–410 (2006)
T. Temma, K. Hanamatsu, F. Shinoki, Opt. Rev. 9(2), 40–44 (2002)
Y.B. Ying, Y.D. Liu, X.P. Fu, Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 26(1), 63–66 (2006)
M.N. Merzlyak, A.E. Solovchenko, A.I. Smagin, A.A. Gitelson, J. Plant. Physiol. 162(2), 151–160 (2005)
R. Quilitzsch, E. Hobert, J. Appl. Botany-Angewandte Botanik 77(5-6), 172–176 (2003)
J.-M. Roger, F. Chauchard, V. Bellon-Maurel, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 66(2), 191–204 (2003)
V.A. McGlone, R.B. Jordan, P.J. Martinsen, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 25(2), 135–144 (2002)
A. Peirs, A. Schenk, B.M. Nicolai, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 35(1), 1–13 (2005)
J. Xing, J. De Baerdemaeker, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 45(2), 176–183 (2007)
J. Xing, S. Landahl, J. Lammertyn, E. Vrindts, J.D. Baerdemaeker, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 30(3), 249–258 (2003)
J. Xing, V. Van Linden, M. Vanzeebroeck, J. De Baerdemaeker, Food Control 16(4), 357–361 (2005)
A.H. Gomez, Y. He, A.G. Pereira, J. Food Eng. 77(2), 313–319 (2006)
S. Tsuchikawa, E. Sakai, K. Inoue, K. Miyamoto, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 128(3), 391–396 (2003)
V.A. McGlone, D.G. Fraser, R.B. Jordan, R. Kunnemeyer, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 11(5), 323–332 (2003)
G. Kim, K. Lee, K. Choi, J. Son, D. Choi, S. Kang, Defect and ripeness inspection of citrus using NIR transmission spectrum. in Advances in Nondestructive Evaluation, Pt 1–3 (2004), pp. 1008–1013
V.A. McGlone, S. Kawano, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 13(2), 131–141 (1998)
V.A. McGlone, C.J. Clark, R.B. Jordan, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 46(1), 1–9 (2007)
J. Kim, A. Mowat, P. Poole, N. Kasabov, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 51(2), 201–216 (2000)
X.P. Fu, Y.B. Ying, H.S. Lu, H.R. Xu, H.Y. Yu, Sens. Instrumen. Food Qual. 1(1), 29–35 (2007)
C.J. Clark, V.A. McGlone, H.N. De Silva, M.A. Manning, J. Burdon, A.D. Mowat, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 32(2), 147–158 (2004)
M. Baranska, W. Schutz, H. Schulz, Anal. Chem. 78(24), 8456–8461 (2006)
L. Xie, Y. Ying, T. Ying, H. Yu, X. Fu, Anal. Chim. Acta 584(2), 379–384 (2007)
S. Saranwong, S. Kawano, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 13(3), 169–175 (2005)
G. Carlomagno, L. Capozzo, G. Attolico, A. Distante, Infrared Phys. Technol. 46(1-2), 23–29 (2004)
J.A. Guthrie, C.J. Liebenberg, K.B. Walsh, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 57(4), 411–418 (2006)
Z. Seregely, T. Deak, G.D. Bisztray, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 72(2), 195–203 (2004)
X. Fu, Y. Ying, Y. Zhou, H. Xu, Anal. Chim. Acta 598(1), 27–33 (2007)
Z. Schmilovitch, A. Mizrach, A. Hoffman, H. Egozi, Y. Fuchs, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 19(3), 245–252 (2000)
P.P. Subedi, K.B. Walsh, G. Owens, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 43(3), 326–334 (2007)
L. Leon, L. Rallo, A. Garrido, Grasas Y Aceites 54(1), 41–47 (2003)
X. Li, Y. He, H. Fang, J. Food Eng. 81(2), 357–363 (2007)
S. Teerachaichayut, K.Y. Kil, A. Terdwongworakul, W. Thanapase, Y. Nakanishi, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 43(2), 202–206 (2007)
T.A. Kusumiyati, Munehiro. Tanaka, Sheishi. Kawasaki, J. Food Agric. Environ. 6(2), 327–332 (2008)
A. Peirs, J. Lammertyn, K. Ooms, B.M. Nicolai, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 21(2), 189–199 (2001)
Y. He, X.L. Li, Y.N. Shao, Quantitative analysis of the varieties of apple using near infrared spectroscopy by principal component analysis and BP model. in Ai 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2005), pp. 1053–1056
Y. He, X.L. Li, Y.N. Shao, Intern. J. Food Prop. 10(1), 9–18 (2007)
L. Leon, A. Garrido-Varo, G. Downey, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 52(16), 4957–4962 (2004)
L.J. Xie, Y.B. Ying, T.J. Ying, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 55(12), 4645–4650 (2007)
B.S. Bennedsen, D.L. Peterson, Biosyst. Eng. 90(4), 419–431 (2005)
C.J. Clark, V.A. McGlone, R.B. Jordan, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 28(1), 87–96 (2003)
V.A. McGlone, P.J. Martinsen, C.J. Clark, R.B. Jordan, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 37(2), 142–151 (2005)
X. Fu, Y. Ying, H. Lu, H. Xu, J. Food Eng. 83(3), 317–323 (2007)
D.H. Han, R.L. Tu, C. Lu, X.X. Liu, Z.H. Wen, Food Control 17(8), 604–608 (2006)
C.V. Greensill, D.S. Newman, Appl. Eng. Agric. 17(1), 69–76 (2001)
T. Sun, H. Lin, H. Xu, Y. Ying, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 51, 86–90 (2009)
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA10Z257) and National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2006BAD11A12).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, H., Ying, Y. Theory and application of near infrared spectroscopy in assessment of fruit quality: a review. Sens. & Instrumen. Food Qual. 3, 130–141 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-009-9079-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-009-9079-z