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Latitudinal Influence on the Sexual Dimorphism of the Marine Fish Bathygobius soporator (Gobiidae: Teleostei)

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Abstract

Environmental gradients in a marine setting may have significant effects on morphological variations and evolutionary patterns, including sexual dimorphism variations within and between fish populations. We analyzed sexual shape and size dimorphism in accordance with Rensch and Bergmann’s rules in five coastal populations of the gobiid Bathygobius soporator along 4000 km of the Brazilian coastline. The populations differ significantly in sexual body shape dimorphism, with a tendency toward reduced intrapopulation dimorphism, increasing with latitude. Body size variation was significant between populations and population vs. sex, and inverse to Bergmann’s rule. Moreover, size dimorphism among populations of B. soporator does not follow Rensch’s rule. These data represent a rare example of inter and intrapopulation spatial variation in sexual dimorphism associated with latitude in marine fish. This suggests a complex and particularized scenario of biotic and abiotic interactions acting on local populations of B. soporator in extensive coastal areas of the Western Atlantic, with profound implications for species evolution.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Teaching Personnel (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Project No. 556793/2009-9) for their financial support, and to IBAMA (Process No. 19135/1) and José Garcia Júnior for taxonomic identification of species.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Paulo Augusto Lima-Filho & Wagner Franco Molina

  2. Department of Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Río Negro, Villa Regina, Argentina

    Claudio Juan Bidau

  3. Department of Biology, Ecology and Zoology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Carlos Eduardo Rocha Duarte Alencar

  4. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Paulo Augusto Lima-Filho

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  1. Paulo Augusto Lima-Filho
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Lima-Filho, P.A., Bidau, C.J., Alencar, C.E.R.D. et al. Latitudinal Influence on the Sexual Dimorphism of the Marine Fish Bathygobius soporator (Gobiidae: Teleostei). Evol Biol 44, 374–385 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-017-9416-9

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