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Influence de l’obésité sur les phénomènes neurodégénératifs

Influence of obesity on neurodegeneration

  • Article Original/Original Article
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Obésité

Résumé

Différents éléments extérieurs au système nerveux central (SNC) peuvent influencer son fonctionnement et sa réponse à des agressions. D’une part, l’alimentation, selon sa composition, peut augmenter ou diminuer les risques de neurodégénérescence. D’autre part, des études épidémiologiques et des expériences sur des modèles animaux montrent que le surpoids et l’obésité augmentent le risque de développer des maladies neurodégénératives (Alzheimer, Parkinson…) ainsi que la susceptibilité à des neurodégénérescences aiguës (traumatisme, ischémie, chimique…). La neurogenèse constitutive ou induite dans le SNC adulte représente un espoir thérapeutique permettant de compenser les pertes liées aux phénomènes neurodégénératifs. Cependant, même s’il a été montré que l’alimentation peut affecter la production de nouveaux neurones, l’influence de l’excès de tissu adipeux sur la neurogenèse n’est pas encore déterminée.

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) functioning and response to attacks can be modified by external factors. On the one hand, food, depending on its composition, can increase or decrease the risk of developing neurodegeneration. On the other hand, epidemiological studies and research on animal models have shown that overweight and obesity increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer, Parkinson…), as well as susceptibility to acute neurodegeneration. Constitutive or induced neurogenesis in the adult CNS has brought new hope with respect to therapies that might compensate for damage caused by neurodegeneration. However, even if some diets have been shown to affect new neuron production, the effect of excess fat tissue on neurogenesis remains to be determined.

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  1. Laboratoire de biochimie et génétique moléculaire, faculté des sciences et technologies, université de La Réunion, 15, avenue René-Cassin, F-97715, Saint-Denis, France

    P. Ravanan, C. Rouch & C. Lefebvre d’Hellencourt

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  1. P. Ravanan
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  2. C. Rouch
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  3. C. Lefebvre d’Hellencourt
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Correspondence to C. Lefebvre d’Hellencourt.

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Ravanan, P., Rouch, C. & Lefebvre d’Hellencourt, C. Influence de l’obésité sur les phénomènes neurodégénératifs. Obes 3, 27–32 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-008-0100-1

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