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Effect of Carbonate Contents on the Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Carbonated Apatite Artificial Bone Substitute

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Abstract

Carbonated apatite is the inorganic component of natural bone while the carbonate ion in the structure influences biological activities and osteoconductivity. However, thermal stability of carbonate apatite is a major importance since thermal stability of carbonate apatite is a function of carbonate content presented in the structure and heat treatment atmosphere. This research work investigates the effects of different carbonate contents on carbonate substitution, thermal stability, physical and mechanical properties of carbonate apatite synthesized by a precipitation method. The results indicated that the carbonate content influenced the properties of carbonated apatite powders. High carbonate substitution (10-11 wt.%) promoted the decomposition of carbonated apatite after heat treatment at 900 °C while a low amount of carbonate substitution (approx. 2 wt.%) resulted in the relocation of carbonate group from phosphate site to hydroxyl site without decomposition. It also demonstrated that a high carbonate amount resulted in a superior mechanical performance. Dense carbonated apatite with high carbonate content has achieved a relative density of 97% and a maximum fracture toughness of 1.4 MPa•m1/2. In the contrary, low carbonate content resulted in a compact with high porosity of about 40% and a low toughness value of 0.35 MPa·m1/2 when treatment at 900 °C.

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Acknowledgments

This research work is supported by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Nafosted), Vietnam [Grant No.104.03-2020.36].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Le Hong Thang, L. T. Bang, B. D. Long & Nguyen Anh Son

  2. Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    S. Ramesh

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Highway, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam

    S. Ramesh

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Thang, L.H., Bang, L.T., Long, B.D. et al. Effect of Carbonate Contents on the Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Carbonated Apatite Artificial Bone Substitute. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 32, 1006–1016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07169-6

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