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High-Performance E. coli Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanorods for the Selective Electrochemical Detection of Pathogens in Drinking Water

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Abstract

The presence of microorganisms in water and food products is a chronic problem worldwide. This study attempts to develop pathogenic bacteria detection strategies using anti body-decorated gold nanorods (Au-NRs-Avidin-Ab-E) by electrochemical analysis. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was detected as the target with the antibody-modified Au-NRs. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were run on the Au-NRs-Avidin-Ab-E. coli immobilized on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to capture the E. coli. The correlation between the different bacteria concentrations indicated excellent electrocatalytic activity within the linear range of 101 CFU/mL to 105 CFU/mL (R2 = 0.990), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.37 CFU/mL for the target. Findings revealed that electrochemical detection of the bacteria was enhanced after the deposition of antibody onto Au nanorods. The tailor-made approach offered multiple benefits, such as large sensing surface area and increased electron transfer abilities compared to the bare electrode. The developed dispersive electrode has potential selectivity towards the targeted bacteria among different bacteria electrochemically characterized. The developed E. coli ATCC 25922 antibody-based system optimized the sensing of the targeted bacteria in the presence of other bacteria, in particular E. coli O157/H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio cholera, in real water samples.

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Abbreviations

AgNO3 :

Silver nitrate

As:

Arsenic

Au-NRs:

Gold nanorods

Au-NRs-Avidin-Ab-E :

Amino group conjugated with the E. coli antibody gold nanorods

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

CTAB:

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

SDPV:

Stripping differential pulse voltammetry

EDC:

N-(3-Dimethyl aminopropyl)-N-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride

HAuCl4 :

Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate auric acid

LOD:

Limit of detection

MUA:

11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid

NaBH4 :

Sodium borohydride

NHS:

N-Hydroxy succinimide sodium salt

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered solution

rpm:

Rotations per minute

SPCE:

Screen-printed carbon electrode

TEM:

Transmission scanning electron microscopy

HCL:

Hydrochloric acid

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) within the 2216 research fellowship program 2019/1 (under project no. 21514107-115.02-E.43103).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Engineering & Technology, Khuzdar, Balochistan, Pakistan

    Sallahuddin Panhwar

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gazi University, 06330, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey

    Sallahuddin Panhwar & Ugur Tamer

  3. Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, 52200, Altinordu, Ordu, Turkey

    Hasan ilhan

  4. Petroleum Engineering Department, Mehran UET, Khairpur Mirs, Campus, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan

    Adnan Aftab

  5. School of Western Australia School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kensington, Australia

    Adnan Aftab

  6. Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Pak-Austria Fochhochschle: Institute of Applied sciences and Technology (PAF-IAST), Khanpur Road, Mang, Haripur, Pakistan

    Muhammad Muqeet

  7. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea

    Hareef Ahmed Keerio

  8. Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran UET, Khairpur Mirs, Campus, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan

    Ghulam Shabir Solangi

  9. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Zekiye Suludere

Authors
  1. Sallahuddin Panhwar
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  2. Hasan ilhan
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  7. Zekiye Suludere
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  8. Ugur Tamer
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Correspondence to Sallahuddin Panhwar or Adnan Aftab.

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Panhwar, S., ilhan, H., Aftab, A. et al. High-Performance E. coli Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanorods for the Selective Electrochemical Detection of Pathogens in Drinking Water. J. Electron. Mater. 50, 7119–7125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09247-2

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