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Comparative Dielectric and Ferroelectric Characteristics of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, CaCu3Ti4O12, and 0.5Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.5CaCu3Ti4O12 Electroceramics

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Abstract

The dielectric and ferroelectric characteristics of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT), CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), and 0.5Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.5CaCu3Ti4O12 (BNT/CCTO) ceramics are compared. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of single phase of all the ceramics after sintering at 950°C for 15 h. Scanning electron microscopy images of the sintered ceramics reveal average grain sizes in the range from 200 nm to 2.5 μm. Energy-dispersive x-ray mapping and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show the presence of the elements Bi, Na, Ca, Cu, Ti, and O with uniform distribution in the ceramics. BNT/CCTO exhibits high dielectric constant (ε r ∼ 6.9 × 104) compared with BNT (ε r ∼ 0.13 × 104) and CCTO (ε r ∼ 1.68 × 104) ceramics at 1 kHz and 503 K. The high dielectric constant of BNT/CCTO compared with BNT and CCTO is associated with a major contribution from grain boundaries, as confirmed by impedance and modulus analyses. The P–E hysteresis loop of all the ceramics measured at room temperature and 50°C exhibited typical ferroelectric nature. The remanent polarization (P r) of BNT (1.58 μC/cm2) and CCTO (0.654 μC/cm2) ceramics are higher than that of BNT/CCTO (0.267 μC/cm2) ceramic.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF-2015R1D1A3A01019167 to Y. Lee and NRF-2015R1D1A4A01019630 to L. Singh) and the Priority Research Centers Program (NRF-2009-0093818) funded by the Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro Nam-gu, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea

    Laxman Singh, Byung Cheol Sin & Youngil Lee

  2. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India

    Shiva Sundar Yadava & K. D. Mandal

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India

    Uma Shanker Rai

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  1. Laxman Singh
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  2. Shiva Sundar Yadava
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  5. K. D. Mandal
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  6. Youngil Lee
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Correspondence to Youngil Lee.

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Singh, L., Yadava, S., Sin, B. . et al. Comparative Dielectric and Ferroelectric Characteristics of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, CaCu3Ti4O12, and 0.5Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.5CaCu3Ti4O12 Electroceramics. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 2662–2672 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4340-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4340-9

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