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Thermodynamic Assessment of the Ni-Bi Binary System and Phase Equilibria of the Sn-Bi-Ni Ternary System

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Abstract

As a basis to understand the interfacial reaction between the Sn-Bi solder and the Ni substrate in electronic packaging, thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria have been carried out on the binary Ni-Bi system. The Gibbs free energy of the NiBi phase has been approximated, using a three-sublattice model, and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated, using available experimental information on phase boundaries and other related thermodynamic properties. The calculated phase diagram and thermodynamic quantities of the Ni-Bi binary system showed good agreement with the experimental data. The Sn-Bi-Ni ternary system was calculated using the thermodynamic parameters of the Sn-Bi, Sn-Ni, and Ni-Bi binary systems, and it was compared with experimental measurements.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Center for Electronic Packaging Materials (ERC) of the MOST/KOSEF (Grant No. R11-2000-085-08006-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Kusung-Dong 373-1, Yusung-Gu, Taejon, 305-701, Korea

    Sun-Kyoung Seo, Moon Gi Cho & Hyuck Mo Lee

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  1. Sun-Kyoung Seo
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  2. Moon Gi Cho
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  3. Hyuck Mo Lee
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Correspondence to Hyuck Mo Lee.

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Seo, SK., Cho, M. & Lee, H. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Ni-Bi Binary System and Phase Equilibria of the Sn-Bi-Ni Ternary System. J. Electron. Mater. 36, 1536–1544 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-007-0256-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-007-0256-8

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