Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Top Layer, Nozzle Arrangement, and Gas Flow Rate on Mixing Time in Agitated Ladles by Bottom Gas Injection

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research investigates mixing phenomena in bottom gas-stirred ladles using water modeling, which incorporates hexane as the top layer. The effects of slag thickness, nozzle position, number of nozzles, and gas flow rate on mixing time have been investigated. Conditions to improve mixing time have been identified. A single nozzle located at two-thirds of the ladle radius was found to produce the shortest mixing time. Under extremely low gas flow rates, an unusual behavior was observed, where the top layer promoted a decrease in mixing time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O. Haida, T. Emi, S. Yamada and F. Sudo: Scaninject II, Part I, 2 nd International Conference on Injection Metallurgy Organized by MEFOS and JERKONTORET, June 12–13, 1980, Lulea Sweden, paper 20.

  2. Q. Ying, L. Yun and L. Liu: Scaninject III, Part I, 2 nd International Conference on Injection Metallurgy Organized by MEFOS and JERKONTORET, June 15–17, 1983, Lulea Sweden, paper 21.

  3. S. Kim and R. Fruehan: Metall. Trans. B, 1987, vol. 18B, pp. 381-390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Yamashita, K. Miyamoto, M. Iguchi and M. Zeze: ISIJ Int., 2003, vol.43 (11), pp. 1858–1860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Mazumdar, D.S. Kumar (2004) In: G. Irons, S. Sun (eds) Proceedibgs Oxygen in Steelmaking. Met Soc CIM, Hamilton, Canada, pp. 311-323.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Patil, D. Satish, M. Peranandhanathan and D. Mazumdar: ISIJ Int., 2010, vol.50 (8), pp. 1117-1124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. T. Khajavi and M. Barati: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2010, vol. 41B, pp. 86-93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Nakajima, D. Mazumdar, R. Guthrie (1987) Testu-to-Hagane 73:S949.

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. Mazumdar, H. Nakajima and R. Guthrie: Metall. Trans. B, 1988, vol. 19B, pp. 507-511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Iguchi, O. Ilegbusi, H. Ueda, T. Kuranaga and Z. Morita: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1996, vol. 27B, pp. 35-41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. T. Khajavi and M. Barati: ISIJ Int., 2010, vol.50 (5), pp. 654-662.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Mazumdar and R. Guthrie: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2010, vol. 41B, pp. 976-989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. D. Mazumdar: Metall. Trans. B, 2002, vol. 33B, pp. 937-941.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Lin and R. Guthrie: Metall. Trans B, 1994, vol. 25B, pp. 885-864.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. Mietz and F. Oeters: Can. Met.Quart., 1989, vol.28 (1), pp. 19-27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Joo and R. Guthrie. Metall. Trans. B, 1992, vol. 23B,pp. 765-778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Krishna-Murthy and J. Elliot. ISIJ Int., 1982, vol. 32 (2),pp. 190-195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Sano and K. Mori: Trans ISIJ, 1983, vol. 23 (2), pp. 169-175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Cho, S. Hong, J. Han and B. You: Matls. Sc. Forum, 2006, (510-511), pp. 490-493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Geng, H. Lei and J. He: Int. J. Miner. Metall. and Matls., 2010, vol. 17, pp. 709-714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Asai, T. Okamoto, J. He and I. Muchi: Trans. ISIJ, 1983, vol. 23 (1), pp. 43-50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Li, H. Yin, C. Zhou and F. Tsukihashi: ISIJ Int., 2008, vol.48 (12), pp. 1704-1711.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Zhu, T. Inomoto, I. Sawada and T. Hsia. ISIJ Int., 1995, vol. 35 (5), pp. 472-479.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S.Pan, Y. Ho and W. Hwang: J. Matls. Eng. and Performance, 1997, vol. 6, pp. 311-318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. L.Zhang, S. Taniguchi, K. Cai and Y. Qu: Steel research, 2000, vol. 71, pp. 325-332.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Jauhiainen, L. Jonsson, D. Sheng (2001) Scand. J. Metall 30:242-253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Madan, D. Satish and D. Mazumdar: ISIJ Int., 2005, vol. 45 (5), pp. 677-685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Mandal, S. Patil, M. Madan and D. Mazumdar: Metall. Trans B., 2005, vol. 36B, pp. 479-487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Chen, N. Wang, Y. Yao, J. Geng and K. Xiong: Steel research int., 2007, vol. 78, pp. 468-472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. G. Zhang, Z. Chen, and Y. Xu: ICS, 2008, pp. 335–38.

  31. M. Ramirez-Argaez: Matls. and Manuf. Processes, 2008, vol. 23, pp. 59-68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

One of the authors (ANC) expresses his gratitude to Prof. S. Kitamura for the invitation to visit and carry out the experimental work at his laboratory at Tohoku University during the three months in the fall of 2009.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Metallurgy, Morelia Technological Institute, Morelia, Mexico

    A. N. Conejo (Professor)

  2. IMRAM-Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    S. Kitamura (Professor), N. Maruoka (Associate Professor) & S.-J. Kim (Postdoctoral Student)

Authors
  1. A. N. Conejo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Kitamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Maruoka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S.-J. Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. N. Conejo.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted April 6, 2012.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Conejo, A.N., Kitamura, S., Maruoka, N. et al. Effects of Top Layer, Nozzle Arrangement, and Gas Flow Rate on Mixing Time in Agitated Ladles by Bottom Gas Injection. Metall Mater Trans B 44, 914–923 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9829-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9829-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation