Abstract
Concentration profiles that develop in a ternary diffusion couple during an isothermal anneal can be analyzed directly for average ternary interdiffusion coefficients. A new analysis is presented for the determination of average values for the main and cross-interdiffusion coefficients over selected regions in the diffusion zone from an integration of interdiffusion fluxes, which are calculated directly from experimental concentration profiles. The analysis is applied to selected isothermal diffusion couples investigated with α (fcc) Cu-Ni-Zn alloys at 775 °C, β (bcc) Fe-Ni-Al alloys at 1000 °C, and γ (fcc) Ni-Cr-Al alloys at 1100 °C. Average ternary interdiffusion coefficients treated as constants are calculated over composition ranges on either side of the Matano plane and examined for the diffusional interactions among the diffusing components. The ternary interdiffusion coefficients determined from the new analysis are observed to be consistent with those determined by the Boltzmann-Matano analysis at selected compositions in the diffusion zone. The ternary interdiffusion coefficients are also employed in analytical solutions based on error functions for the generation of concentration profiles for the selected diffusion couples. The generated profiles are a good representation of the experimental profiles including those exhibiting uphill diffusion or zero-flux plane (ZFP) development for the individual components. Uncertainties in the values of the interdiffusion coefficients calculated on the basis of the new analysis are found to be minimal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. Onsager: Phys. Rev., 1931, vol. 37, pp. 405–26; 1932, vol. 38, pp. 2265–79.
L. Onsager: Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1965, vol. 46, pp. 241–65.
J.S. Kirkaldy: Can. J. Phys., 1958, vol. 36, pp. 899–906.
J.S. Kirkaldy and D.J. Young: Diffusion in the Condensed State, The Institute of Metals, London, 1987, pp. 226–72.
H. Fujita and L.J. Gosting: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1956, vol. 78, pp. 1099–1106.
M.A. Dayananda and R.E. Grace: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1965, vol. 233, pp. 1287–93.
M.A. Dayananda, P.F. Kirsch, and R.E. Grace: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, pp. 885–90.
M.S. Thompson, J.E. Morral, and A.D. Romig, Jr.: Metall. Trans. A, 1990, vol. 21A, pp. 2679–85.
J.E. Morral, Y.H. Son, and A.D. Romig, Jr.: in Fundamentals and Applications of Ternary Diffusion, G.R. Purdy, ed., Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1990, pp. 119–26.
M.A. Krishtal, A.P. Mokrov, V.K. Akimov, and P.N. Zakharov: Fiz. Met. Metall., 1973, vol. 35, pp. 1234–40.
C.W. Kim and M.A. Dayananda: Metall. Trans. A, 1984, vol. 15A, pp. 649–59.
T.D. Moyer and M.A. Dayananda: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1035–40.
M.A. Dayananda and C.W. Kim: Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 1333–39.
C.W. Kim and M.A. Dayananda: Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 857–64.
M.A. Dayananda: Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 1851–58.
M.A. Dayananda: Diffusion in Solids: Recent Development, Proc. TMS-AIME Fall Meeting, Detroit, MI, 1984, M.A. Dayananda and G.E. Murch, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, pp. 195–230.
M.A. Dayananda and D.A. Behnke: Scripta Metall., 1991, vol. 25, pp. 2187–91.
M.A. Dayananda: Defect Diffusion Forum, 1993, vols. 95–98, pp. 521–35.
M.A. Dayananda: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 2504–09.
M.A. Dayananda and Y.H. Sohn: Scripta Mater., 1996, vol. 35, pp. 683–88.
T.B. Lindemer and A.G. Guy: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, pp. 1924–27.
R.D. Sisson, Jr. and M.A. Dayananda: Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, pp. 1849–56.
R.T. DeHoff, K.J. Anusavice, and C.C. Wan: Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 1113–26.
M.A. Dayananda: in Diffusion in Metals and Alloys, Landoldt and Bornstein, H. Mehrer, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1991, Ser. III, vol. 26, pp. 372–436.
T.O. Ziebold and R.E. Ogilvie: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, pp. 942–53.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dayananda, M., Sohn, Y.H. A new analysis for the determination of ternary interdiffusion coefficients from a single diffusion couple. Metall Mater Trans A 30, 535–543 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0045-5
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0045-5