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Hot Deformation Behavior of As-Cast 2101 Grade Lean Duplex Stainless Steel and the Associated Changes in Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture

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Abstract

The hot deformation behavior of 2101 grade lean duplex stainless steel (DSS, containing ~5 wt pct Mn, ~0.2 wt pct N, and ~1.4 wt pct Ni) and associated microstructural changes within δ-ferrite and austenite (γ) phases were investigated by hot-compression testing in a GLEEBLE 3500 simulator over a range of deformation temperatures, T def [1073 K to 1373 K (800 °C to 1100 °C)], and applied strains, ε (0.25 to 0.80), at a constant true strain rate of 1/s. The microstructural softening inside γ was dictated by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) at a higher T def [1273 K to 1373 K (1000 °C to 1100 °C)], while the same was dictated by continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) at a lower T def (1173 K (900 °C)]. Dynamic recovery (DRV) and CDRX dominated the softening inside δ-ferrite at T def ≥ 1173 K (900 °C). The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) inside δ and γ could not take place upon deformation at 1073 K (800 °C). The average flow stress level increased 2 to 3 times as the T def dropped from 1273 to 1173 K (1000 °C to 900 °C) and finally to 1073 K (800 °C). The average microhardness values taken from δ-ferrite and γ regions of the deformed samples showed a different trend. At T def of 1373 K (1100 °C), microhardness decreased with the increase in strain, while at T def of 1173 K (900 °C), microhardness increased with the increase in strain. The microstructural changes and hardness variation within individual phases of hot-deformed samples are explained in view of the chemical composition of the steel and deformation parameters (T def and ε).

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Notes

  1. GLEEBLE is a trademark of Dynamic Systems Inc., New York, NY.

  2. Zeiss is a trademark of Carl Zeiss microscopy GmbH, Germany.

  3. MTex is a free matlab toolbox for analyzing and modeling crystallographic texture available on http://mtex-toolbox.github.io/.

  4. JEOL is a trademark of Japan Electron Optics Ltd., Tokyo.

  5. WALTER UHL is a trademark of technische mikroskopie GMbH & CO. KG, Germany.

Abbreviations

CDRX:

Continuous dynamic recrystallization

DDRX:

Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization

DRV:

Dynamic recovery

DRX:

Dynamic recrystallization

DSS:

Duplex stainless steel

EBSD:

Electron backscatter diffraction

HAB:

High-angle boundary

IPF:

Inverse pole figure

LAB:

Low-angle boundary

LAM:

Local average misorientation

ODF:

Orientation distribution function

T def :

Deformation temperature

ε :

Applied strain

\( \dot{\varepsilon } \) :

Strain rate

γ:

Austenite

δ:

Delta-ferrite

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the experimental support received from Jindal Stainless Limited, the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, and the Steel Authority of India. They also sincerely appreciate the financial support of the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, and the SGDRI Grant received from SRIC, IIT Kharagpur.

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Author notes

  1. Abhijit Ghosh (Doctoral Student, Research Associate)

    Present address: Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India

    Sudipta Patra (Doctoral Student), Abhijit Ghosh (Doctoral Student, Research Associate) & Debalay Chakrabarti (Associate Professor)

  2. Jindal Stainless Limited, Hisar, Haryana, 125005, India

    Sudipta Patra (Doctoral Student), Lokesh Kumar Singhal (Head, R&D), Arijit Saha Podder (GM, R&D) & Jagmohan Sood (Head, Operation)

  3. Research & Development Center for Iron and Steel (RDCIS), SAIL, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834002, India

    Vinod Kumar (DGM)

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  1. Sudipta Patra
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Correspondence to Sudipta Patra.

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Manuscript submitted March 31, 2016.

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Patra, S., Ghosh, A., Singhal, L.K. et al. Hot Deformation Behavior of As-Cast 2101 Grade Lean Duplex Stainless Steel and the Associated Changes in Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture. Metall Mater Trans A 48, 294–313 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3759-1

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