Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Melt Superheat, Sr Modifier, and Al-5Ti-1B Grain Refiner on Microstructural Evolution of Secondary Al-Si-Cu Alloys

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The role of impurity elements and melt superheat on the efficiency of Sr modification, grain refinement with Al-Ti-B and the precipitation behavior of intermetallic phases in a secondary Al-7Si-3Cu-0.3Mg alloy were investigated. Metallographic and thermal analysis techniques were used to quantitatively examine the macro- and microstructural changes occurring with modifier and grain refiner additions at various pouring temperatures. The results indicate how the Sr modification and grain refinement with Al-Ti-B can be effective enough despite the presence of impurity elements in the material and the variation of pouring temperature. A slight poisonous effect of impurities, in particular, Zr and V, in the grain refinement efficiency can be eventually induced due to their action in promoting the formation of primary AlSiTi compounds. Moreover, grain refiner addition exerted a pronounced influence on the precipitation sequence of Fe-rich phases. The TiB2 particles appeared to promote the formation of Al5FeSi during solidification by acting as a favorable nucleation site.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U. M. J. Boin and M. Bertram: JOM, 2005, vol. 57, pp. 26-33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. S. J. Green: Aluminum Recycling and Processing for Energy Conservation and Sustainability, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, OH, 2007, pp. 125-130.

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. J. Caton, J. W. Jones, J. M. Boileau and J. E. Allison: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30, pp. 3055-3068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. B. Djurdjevic, I. Vicario and G. Huber: Rev. Metal., 2014, vol. 50, issue 1, pp. 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. G. S. V. Kumar, B. S. Murty and M. Chakraborty: J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 472, pp. 112-120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Timpel, N. Wanderka, R. Schlesiger, T. Yamamoto, N. Lazarev, D. Isheim, G. Schmitz, S. Matsumura and J. Banhart: Acta Mater., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 3920-3928.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Timelli, G. Camicia and S. Ferraro: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, vol. 23, pp. 611-621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. M. Bunn, P. Schumacher, M. A. Kearns, C. B. Boothroyd and A. L. Greer: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1999, vol. 15, pp. 1115-1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. A. Spittle and S. Sadli: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1995, vol. 11, pp. 533-537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Zhang, M. Garro and C. Tagliano: Metall. Sci. Technol., 2003, vol. 21, pp. 3-9.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. Pavlovic-Krstic: PhD Thesis, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 2010, p. 150.

  12. F. H. Samuel, A. M. Samuel, H. W. Doty and S. Valtierra: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 2061-2075.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Lu and A. K. Dahle: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 819-835.

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Khalifa, A. M. Samuel, F. H. Samuel, H. W. Doty and S. Valtierra: Int. J. Cast Met. Res., 2006, vol. 19, pp. 156-166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. D. Ferdian: PhD thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Toulouse, 2014, p. 247.

  16. G. Timelli and E. Fiorese: Metall. Ital., 2011, vol. 103, pp. 9–23.

    Google Scholar 

  17. American Society for Testing Materials, (ASTM International: 2013), pp 9-11.

    Google Scholar 

  18. L. Backerud, G. Chai and J. Tamminen: Solidification Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys, vol. 2, AFS/ScanAluminium, Oslo, 1990, pp. 72-95.

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. Puncreobutr, A. B. Phillion, J. L. Fife, P. Rockett, A. P. Horsfield and P. D. Lee: Acta Mater., 2014, vol. 79, pp. 292-303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Farahany, A. Ourdjini, M. H. Idris and S. G. Shabestari: J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2013, vol. 114, pp. 705-717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. D G Ibarra: PhD Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1999, pp. 123–28.

  22. G. Timelli, G. Camicia, S. Ferraro and R. Molina: Met. Mater. Int., 2014, vol. 20, pp. 677-686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Q. Wang, Y. X. Li and X. C. Li: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2003, vol. 34A, pp. 1175-1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. L. Lu and A. K. Dahle: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 435, pp. 288-296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. H. U. Xiaowu, A. I. Fanrong and Y. Hong: Acta Metall. Sin.(Engl. Lett.), 2012, vol. 25, pp. 272-278.

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. Qiu, J. A. Taylor and M. X. Zhang: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, vol. 41A, pp. 3412-3421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. W. D. Kang and H. G. Park: Korean J. Met. Mater., 2011, vol. 49, pp. 619-627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. A. L. Greer: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 2003, vol. 361, pp. 479-494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. X. G. Chen and M. Fortier: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, vol. 210, pp. 1780-1786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T. E. Quested, A. T. Dinsdale and A. L. Greer: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2006, vol. 22, pp. 1126-1134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. B. Suarez-Pena and J. Asensio-Lozano: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 1543-1548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. T. H. Ludwig, P. L. Schaffer and L. Arnberg: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, vol. 44A, pp. 3783-3796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Manente and G. Timelli: Metall. Ital., 2008, vol. 100, pp. 37-50.

    Google Scholar 

  34. S. Farahany, A. Ourdjini, M. H. Idris and L. T. Thai: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2011, vol. 21, pp. 1455-1464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. L. M. Lu and A. K. Dahle: Light Met., 2006, pp. 807–12.

  36. S. Farahany, A. Ourdjini, T. A. Abu Bakar and M. H. Idris: Thermochim. Acta, 2014, vol. 575, pp. 179-187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Ferraro, G. Timelli and A. Fabrizi: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2013, vol. 765, pp. 59-63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. K. Nogita, S. D. McDonald and A. K. Dahle: Mater. Trans., 2003, vol. 44, pp. 692-695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Z. Li, A. M. Samuel, F. H. Samuel, C. Ravindran and S. Valtierra: J. Mater. Sci., 2003, vol. 38, pp. 1203-1218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. G. Sha, K. O’Reilly, B. Cantor, R. Hamerton and J. Worth: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2000, vol. 331, pp. 253-258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. T. Smith, K. O’Reilly, S. Kumar and I. Stone: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, vol. 44, pp. 4866-4871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was developed within the ERASMUS MUNDUS Project (Silkroute—Strand 1/ Lot L09, Project n. 545765). The author would like to thank Raffineria Metalli Capra Spa (Brescia, Italy) for the experimental support to the research. Many thanks are also due to Mr. L. Mariani (Media System Lab Srl) and Dr. F. Reinauer (AMETEK EDAX BU) for their support with WDS analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Stradella S. Nicola, 3, 36100, Vicenza, Italy

    Jovid Rakhmonov (Ph.D. Student), Giulio Timelli (Assistant Professor) & Franco Bonollo (Full Professor)

Authors
  1. Jovid Rakhmonov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giulio Timelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Franco Bonollo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jovid Rakhmonov.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted February 19, 2016.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rakhmonov, J., Timelli, G. & Bonollo, F. Influence of Melt Superheat, Sr Modifier, and Al-5Ti-1B Grain Refiner on Microstructural Evolution of Secondary Al-Si-Cu Alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 5510–5521 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3716-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3716-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation