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Analysis and Characterization of the Role of Ni Interlayer in the Friction Welding of Titanium and 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Abstract

Joining of commercially pure Ti to 304 stainless steel by fusion welding processes possesses problems due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the weld metal, which degrade the mechanical properties of the joints. Solid-state welding processes are contemplated to overcome these problems. However, intermetallic compounds are likely to form even in Ti-SS joints produced with solid-state welding processes such as friction welding process. Therefore, interlayers are employed to prevent the direct contact between two base metals and thereby mainly to suppress the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds. In the present study, friction-welded joints between commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel were obtained using a thin nickel interlayer. Then, the joints were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffractometry. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by microhardness survey and tensile tests. Although the results showed that the tensile strength of the joints is even lower than titanium base metal, it is higher than that of the joints which were produced without nickel interlayer. The highest hardness value was observed at the interface between titanium and nickel interlayers indicating the formation of Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds. Formation these compounds was validated by XRD patterns. Moreover, in tensile tests, fracture of the joints occurred along this interface which is related to its brittle nature.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Grants received from the Directorate of Naval R & D, Naval Research Board, New Delhi (DNRD/05/4003/NRB/126, dated 20.11.2007) for supporting this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620015, India

    C. H. Muralimohan (Manager) & V. Muthupandi (Professor)

  2. Department of Agglomeration, JSW Steel Limited, Vidyanagar, Karnataka, 583275, India

    C. H. Muralimohan (Manager)

  3. FARCAMT Chair, Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia

    M. Ashfaq (Assistant Professor)

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Rouholah Ashiri (Ph.D. Student)

  5. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Rouholah Ashiri (Ph.D. Student)

  6. Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620015, India

    K. Sivaprasad (Assistant Professor)

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  1. C. H. Muralimohan
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  2. M. Ashfaq
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  3. Rouholah Ashiri
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  5. K. Sivaprasad
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Correspondence to C. H. Muralimohan.

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Manuscript submitted June 7, 2015.

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Muralimohan, C.H., Ashfaq, M., Ashiri, R. et al. Analysis and Characterization of the Role of Ni Interlayer in the Friction Welding of Titanium and 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 347–359 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3210-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3210-z

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