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Rationalization of Microstructure Heterogeneity in INCONEL 718 Builds Made by the Direct Laser Additive Manufacturing Process

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Abstract

Simulative builds, typical of the tip-repair procedure, with matching compositions were deposited on an INCONEL 718 substrate using the laser additive manufacturing process. In the as-processed condition, these builds exhibit spatial heterogeneity in microstructure. Electron backscattering diffraction analyses showed highly misoriented grains in the top region of the builds compared to those of the lower region. Hardness maps indicated a 30 pct hardness increase in build regions close to the substrate over those of the top regions. Detailed multiscale characterizations, through scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction imaging, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and ChemiSTEM, also showed microstructure heterogeneities within the builds in different length scales including interdendritic and interprecipitate regions. These multiscale heterogeneities were correlated to primary solidification, remelting, and solid-state precipitation kinetics of γ″ induced by solute segregation, as well as multiple heating and cooling cycles induced by the laser additive manufacturing process.

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Notes

  1. INCONEL 718 and 706 is a trademark of Special Metals Corporation, New Hartford, NY.

  2. LECO is a trademark of LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, MI.

  3. Olympus GX51 is a trademark of Olympus (http://www.olympusims.com/en/microscope/gx51/).

  4. Philips is a trademark of FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR.

  5. TITAN3 is a trademark of FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR.

  6. ChemiSTEM is a trademark of FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR.

  7. It is important to note that the identification of Laves phase is purely based on composition and not on any diffraction evidence. Our attempts to extract these phases consistently for XRD or focused ion-beam extraction were not successful due to the large heterogeneity. Therefore, this identification has to be considered as tentative.

  8. JMATPRO is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

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Acknowledgments

This research was performed within the Center for Integrative Materials Joining Science for Energy Applications (CIMJSEA), and the authors thank the Rolls Royce Corporation for supporting this project. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1034729. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA

    Yuan Tian (Graduate Student), Donald McAllister (Graduate Student), Hendrik Colijn (Research Specialist), Michael Mills (Professor) & Dave Farson (Professor)

  2. Rolls Royce Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA

    Mark Nordin (Engineer)

  3. Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Sudarsanam Babu (Professor)

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  1. Yuan Tian
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Correspondence to Sudarsanam Babu.

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Manuscript submitted September 1, 2013.

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Tian, Y., McAllister, D., Colijn, H. et al. Rationalization of Microstructure Heterogeneity in INCONEL 718 Builds Made by the Direct Laser Additive Manufacturing Process. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 4470–4483 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2370-6

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