Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of ductile laminate thickness, volume fraction, and orientation on fatigue-crack propagation in Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) has been studied in a new class of materials termed metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites (Ti-Al3Ti). Due to ease of fabrication and control over layer makeup, these MIL composites can be tailored to optimize the constituent properties for structural and higher performance aerospace applications. Effects of ductile reinforcement (titanium alloy) type, thickness, and volume fraction were systematically investigated in both arrester and divider orientations. Stress intensity (K max) values as large as 40 MPa√m were observed in the higher crack growth regime, indicating that the fracture toughness of the MIL composites is comparable to common structural metals. In both divider and arrester orientations, the overall fatigue crack growth rate showed an improvement with increasing Ti volume fraction and with increasing Ti thickness (at constant ductile-phase volume fraction). It is noted that the fatigue resistance of monolithic Al3Ti was improved by an order of magnitude by incorporating just 20 vol pct ductile Ti. In the divider orientation, toughening is obtained through plastically stretching the intact ductile Ti ligaments that bridge the crack wake, thus reducing the crack driving force. By virtue of its morphology, the arrester orientation provides toughening by trapping the crack front entirely at the metallic-intermetallic interfaces, thus requiring the crack to renucleate at each interface. Results are compared with specific crack growth rates of conventional monolithic alloys and other composite systems such as TiNb/γ-TiAl and Nb/Nb3Al. Owing to their low density (∼3.8 g/cc), Ti-Al MIL composites exhibited specific crack growth rates (da/dN vs ΔK/ρ) on par with tougher, but relatively denser, ductile metals such as Ti alloys and high-strength steels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D.J. Harach and K.S. Vecchio: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32A, pp. 1493–1505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Vladmir V. Krstic and Patrick S. Nicholson: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1981, vol. 64 (9), pp. 499–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. K.T.V. Rao, G.R. Odette, and R.O. Ritchie: Fatigue Adv. Mater., Proc. Eng. Found. Int. Conf., 1991, pp. 429–36.

  4. K.T.V. Rao, G.R. Odette, and R.O. Ritchie: Acta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 40 (2), pp. 353–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K.T.V. Rao, G.R. Odette, and R.O. Ritchie: Struct. Intermet., Proc. Int. Symp., 1st ed., , 1993, pp. 829–35.

  6. K.T.V. Rao, G.R. Odette, and R.O. Ritchie: Acta Metall. Mater., 1994, vol. 42 (3), pp. 893–911.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. K.T.V. Rao and R.O. Ritchie: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992, vol. 273, pp. 127–33.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K.T.V. Rao and R.O. Ritchie: Mater. Sci. Eng. A: Struct. Mater.: Prop., Microstr. Processing, 1992, vol. A153 (1–2), pp. 479–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K.T.V. Rao and R.O. Ritchie: Fatigue Fract. Ordered Internet. Mater. I, Proc. Symp., 1994, pp. 3–12.

  10. K.T.V. Rao and R.O. Ritchie: Acta Mater., 1998, vol. 46 (12), pp. 4167–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R.O. Ritchie and K.T.V. Rao: Materials Research Society Symposim Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992, vol. 273, pp. 127–33.

    Google Scholar 

  12. K.T.V. Rao, W.O. Soboyejo, and R.O. Ritchie: Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 2249–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W.O. Soboyejo et al.: Fatigue and Fracture of Ordered Intermetallic Materials II, Proc. Symposium, Rosemont, IL, Oct. 6–10, 1994, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 359–90.

    Google Scholar 

  14. W.O. Soboyejo, F. Ye, and T.S. Srivatsan: Fatigue and Fracture of Ordered Intermetallic Materials II, Proc. Symp., Rosemont, IL, Oct. 6–10, 1994, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 391–415.

    Google Scholar 

  15. D.R. Bloyer, K.T. Venkateswara Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Johannes Weertman Symp., Proc. Symp. held during the TMS Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, Feb. 4–8, 1996, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 261–66.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D.R. Bloyer, K.T. Venkateswara Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A pp. 2483–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D.R. Bloyer, K.T. Venkateswara Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Struct. Mater.: Prop., Microstr, Processing, 1997, vols. A239–A240, pp. 393–98.

    Google Scholar 

  18. D.R. Bloyer, V. Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Struct. Mater.: Prop., Microstr. Processing, 1996, vol. A216 (1–2), pp. 80–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. D.R. Bloyer, K.T.V. Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 633–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D.R. Bloyer, K.T.V. Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1996, vol. 434, pp. 243–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. K. Badrinarayanan, A.L. McKelvey, K.T.V. Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 3781–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C.D. Bencher, A. Sakaida, K.T.V. Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 2027–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G.R. Odette, B.L. Chao, J.W. Sheckherd, and G.E. Lucas: Acta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 40 (9), pp. 2381–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Heathcote, G.R. Odette, G.E. Lucas, R.G. Rowe, and D.W. Skelly: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44 (11), pp. 4289–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Heathcote, R. Odette, G.E. Lucas, and R.G. Rowe: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996, vol. 434, pp. 101–12.

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. Heathcote, G.R. Odette, and G.E. Lucas: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996, vol. 434, pp. 183–88.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Aashish Rohatgi, David J. Harach, Kenneth S. Vecchio, and Kenneth P. Harvey: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 2933–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M.F. Ashby, F.J. Blunt, and M. Bannister: Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37 (7), pp. 1847–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. H.C. Cao, B.J. Dalgleish, H.E. Deve, C. Elliott, A.G. Evans, R. Mehrabian, and G.R. Odette: Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37 (11), pp. 2969–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. H.E. Deve, A.G. Evans, G.R. Odette, R. Mehrabian, M.L. Emiliani, and R.J. Hecht: Acta Metall. Mater., 1990, vol. 38 (8), pp. 1491–1502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H.E. Deve and M.J. Maloney: Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, vol. 39 (10), pp. 2275–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J.D. Embury, F. Zok, D.J. Lahaie, and W. Poole: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1995, pp. 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  33. K.T.V. Rao and R.O. Ritchie: Fatigue and Fracture of Ordered Intermetallic Materials II, Proc. Symp., Rosemont, Ill., Oct. 6–10, 1994, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 327–38.

    Google Scholar 

  34. D.R. Lesuer, C.K Syn, O.D. Sherby, J. Wadsworth, J.J. Lewandowski, and W.H. Hunt, Jr.: Int. Mater. Rev., 1996, vol. 41 (5), pp. 169–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Rawers and K. Perry: J. Mater. Sci., 1996, vol. 31 (13), pp. 3501–06.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y.T. Dong Seok Chung, Manabu Enoki, and Teruo Kishi: J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1999, vol. 63 (8), pp. 1043–52.

    Google Scholar 

  37. D.-S. Chung, M. Enoki, and T. Kishi: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2002, vol. 3 (2), pp. 129–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Enoki, Atsuko Ohta, Dong Seok Chung, Makoto Watanabe, and Teruo Kishi: Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi, 2000, vol. 64 (11), pp. 1076–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.C. Rawers and D.E. Alman: Compos. Sci. Technol., 1995, vol. 54 (4), pp. 379–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. K.S. Manabu Enoki, Byung-Nam Kim, and Teruo Kishi: J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1999, vol. 63 (7), pp. 838–43.

    Google Scholar 

  41. R.G. Rowe, D.W. Skelly, M.R. Jackson, M. Larsen, and D. Lachapelle: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996, vol. 434, p. 3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. Kajuch, J. Short, and J.J. Lewandowski: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43 (5), pp. 1955–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. J.D. Rigney: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996, vol. 434, pp. 227–41.

    Google Scholar 

  44. M. Bannister and M.F. Ashby: Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, vol. 39 (11), pp. 2575–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S.M. Pickard and A.K. Ghosh: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 909–21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. L. Xiao, and R. Abbaschian: Metall. Trans. A, 1993, vol. 24A, pp. 403–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. W.O. Soboyejo, F. Ye, L.-C. Chen, N. Bahtishi, D.S. Schwartz, and R.J. Lederich: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44 (5), pp. 2027–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J.M. McNaney, R.M. Cannon, and R.O. Ritchie: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44 (12), pp. 4713–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Y. Huang and H.W. Zhang: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43 (4), pp. 1523–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. B.J. Dalgleish, K.P. Trumble, and A.G. Evans: Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37 (7), pp. 1923–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. M.Y. He, F.E. Heredia, D.J. Wissuchek, M.C. Shaw, and A.G. Evans: Acta Metall. Mater., 1993, vol. 41 (4), pp. 1223–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. M.C. Shaw, D.B. Marshall, M.S. Dadkhah, and A.G. Evans: Acta Metall. Mater., 1993, vol. 41 (11), pp. 3311–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. A.G. Evans and H.C. Cao: Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, vol. 39 (12), pp. 2997–3005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. K.L. Hwu and B. Derby: Acta Mater., 1999, vol. 47 (2), pp. 545–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. K.L. Hwu and B. Derby: Acta Mater., 1999, vol. 47 (2), pp. 529–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. B.J. Dalgleish, M.C. Lu, and A.G. Evans: Acta Metall., 1988, vol. 36 (8), pp. 2029–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. D.R. Lesuer, J. Wadsworth, R.A. Riddle, C.K. Syn, J.J. Lewandowski, and W.H. Hunt Jr.: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996, vol. 434, pp. 205–11.

    Google Scholar 

  58. M.R. Fox and A.K. Ghosh: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1999, vol. A259, pp. 261–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Q. Ma, M.C. Shaw, M.Y. He, B.J. Dalgleish, D.R. Clarke, and A.G. Evans: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43 (6), pp. 2137–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. D.E. Alman, et al.: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1995, vols. A192–A193, pp. 624–32.

    Google Scholar 

  61. D.E. Alman, J.C. Rawers, and J.A. Hawk: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 589–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Z. Xia, J. Liu, S. Zhu, and Y. Zhao: J. Mater. Sci., 1999, vol. 34 (15), pp. 3731–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. J.H. Westbrook: Struct. Intermet., Proc. Int. Symp., 1st ed., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1993, pp. 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  64. D.L. Anton and D.M. Shah: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989, vol. 133, pp. 361–71.

    Google Scholar 

  65. D.L. Anton and D.M. Shah: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990, vol. 194, pp. 45–58.

    Google Scholar 

  66. J.M. Larsen, W.C. Revelos, and M.L. Gambone: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992, vol. 273, pp. 3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  67. K.K. Chawla and P.K. Liaw: J. Mater. Sci., 1979, vol. 14, pp. 2143–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. P.B. Huffman, R.D. Carpenter, and J.C. Gibeling: Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, J.J. Lewandowsi, C.H. Ward, M.R. Jackson, and W.H. Hunt Jr., eds., Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996, vol. 434, pp. 281–86.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Hala A. Hassan, J.J. Lewandowski, and M.H. Abd El-Latif: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 45–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. L. Murugesh, K.T.V. Rao, L.C. DeJonghe, and R.O. Ritchie: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992, vol. 273, pp. 433–38.

    Google Scholar 

  71. L. Murugesh, K.T.V. Rao, and R.O. Ritchie: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1993, vol. 29 (8), pp. 1107–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. W.O. Soboyejo, F. Ye, and T.S. Srivatsan: Fatigue and Fracture of Ordered Intermetallic Materials II, Proc. Symp., Rosemont, IL, Oct. 6–10, 1994, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 391–415.

    Google Scholar 

  73. R.W. Hertzberg: Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1996, p. 678.

    Google Scholar 

  74. M.O. Speidel: High Temperature Materials in Gas Turbines, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Baden, Switzerland, 1974, p. 212.

    Google Scholar 

  75. M.W. Barsoum: Fundamentals of Ceramics, Institute of Physics Publishing, 1997, p. 424.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Group, University of California, 92093, San Diego, LaJolla, CA

    Raghavendra R. Adharapurapu (Graduate Student), Kenneth S. Vecchio (Professor) & Fengchun Jiang (Research Scientist)

  2. Geo-Centers, Inc., 20749-1340, Fort Washington, MD

    Aashish Rohatgi (Research Scientist)

Authors
  1. Raghavendra R. Adharapurapu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kenneth S. Vecchio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fengchun Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aashish Rohatgi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Adharapurapu, R.R., Vecchio, K.S., Jiang, F. et al. Effects of ductile laminate thickness, volume fraction, and orientation on fatigue-crack propagation in Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites. Metall Mater Trans A 36, 1595–1608 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0251-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0251-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation