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Mechanism and optimization of oxide fluxes for deep penetration in gas tungsten arc welding

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Abstract

Five single oxide fluxes—Cu2O, NiO, SiO2, CaO, and Al2O3—were used to investigate the effect of active flux on the depth/width ratio in SUS304 stainless steel. The flux quantity, stability, and particlesize effect on the weld-pool shape and oxygen content in the weld after welding was studied systematically. The results showed that the weld depth/width ratio initially increased, followed by a decrease with the increasing flux quantity of the Cu2O, NiO, and SiO2 fluxes. The depth/width ratio is not sensitive to the CaO flux when the quantity is over 80×10−5 mol on the 5×0.1×50 mm slot. The Al2O3 flux has no effect on the penetration. The oxygen content dissolved in the weld plays an important role in altering the liquid-pool surface-tension gradient and the weld penetration. The effective range of oxygen in the weld is between 70 and 300 ppm. A too-high or too-low oxygen content in the weld pool does not increase the depth/width ratio. The decomposition of the flux significantly depends on the flux stability and the particle size. Cu2O has a narrow effective flux-quantity range for the deep penetration, while the Al2O3 flux has no effect. The SiO2 flux with a small particle size (0.8 or 4 µm) is a highly recommended active flux for deep penetration in actual gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Joining & Welding Research Institute, Materials Diagnosis & Life Assessment Lab., Osaka University, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan

    Shanping Lu (Foreign Research Fellow), Hidetoshi Fujii (Associate Professor), Hiroyuki Sugiyama (Graduate Student) & Kiyoshi Nogi (Professor)

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  1. Shanping Lu
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  2. Hidetoshi Fujii
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  3. Hiroyuki Sugiyama
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  4. Kiyoshi Nogi
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Lu, S., Fujii, H., Sugiyama, H. et al. Mechanism and optimization of oxide fluxes for deep penetration in gas tungsten arc welding. Metall Mater Trans A 34, 1901–1907 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0155-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0155-4

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