Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Immune Homeostasis: Effects of Chinese Herbal Formulae and Herb-Derived Compounds on Allergic Asthma in Different Experimental Models

  • Review
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Allergic asthma is thought to arise from an imbalance of immune regulation, which is characterized by the production of large quantities of IgE antibodies by B cells and a decrease of the interferon-γ/interleukin-4 (Th1/Th2) ratio. Certain immunomodulatory components and Chinese herbal formulae have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are few studies performing evidence-based Chinese medicine (CM) research on the mechanisms and effificacy of these drugs in allergic asthma. This review aims to explore the roles of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived compounds in experimental research models of allergic asthma. We screened published modern CM research results on the experimental effects of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived bioactive compounds for allergic asthma and their possible underlying mechanisms in English language articles from the PubMed and the Google Scholar databases with the keywords allergic asthma, experimental model and Chinese herbal medicine. We found 22 Chinese herb species and 31 herb-derived anti-asthmatic compounds as well as 12 Chinese herbal formulae which showed a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness, allergen-specifific immunoglobulin E, inflflammatory cell infifiltration and a regulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Chinese herbal formulae and herbderived bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflflammatory and anti-asthma activities in different experimental models and their various mechanisms of action are being investigated in modern CM research with genomics, proteomics and metabolomics technologies, which will lead to a new era in the development of new drug discovery for allergic asthma in CM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fan TP, Yeh JC, Leung KW, et al. Angiogenesis: from plants to blood vessels. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006;27:297–309.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lee MR. The history of Ephedra (ma-huang). J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2011;41:78–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Borchers AT, Hackman RM, Keen CL, et al. Complementary medicine: a review of immunomodulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicines. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:1303–1312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Li J, Zhang F, Li J. The immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of asthma or asthmatic inflammation. Am J Chin Med 2015;43:1059–1081.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wüthrich B, Schindler C, Leuenberger P, et al. Prevalence of atopy and pollinosis in the adult population of Switzerland (SAPALDIA study): Swiss study on air pollution and lung diseases in adults. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995;106:149–156.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Flöistrup H, Swartz J, Bergström A, et al. Allergic disease and sensitization in Steiner school children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:59–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhou X, Seto SW, Chang D, et al. Synergistic effects of Chinese herbal medicine: a comprehensive review of methodology and current research. Front Pharmacol 2016;7:201. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00201.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Bateman ED, Hurd SS, Barnes PJ, et al. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J 2008;31:143–178.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Busse WW, Rosenwasser LJ. Mechanisms of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:S799–S804.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Shen HH, Wang K, Li W, et al. Astragalus Membranaceus prevents airway hyperreactivity in mice related to Th2 response inhibition. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;116:363–369.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang ZC, Qu ZH, Yi MJ, et al. Astragalus extract attenuates allergic airway inflammation and inhibits nuclear factor kappaB expression in asthmatic mice. Am J Med Sci 2013;346:390–395.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Huang X, Tang L, Wang F, et al. Astragaloside IV attenuates allergic inflammation by regulation Th1/Th2 cytokine and enhancement CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3 T cells in ovalbumininduced asthma. Immunobiology 2014;219:565–571.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Yuan X, Sun S, Wang S, et al. Effects of astragaloside IV on IFN-gamma level and prolonged airway dysfunction in a murine model of chronic asthma. Planta Med 2011;77:328–333.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Du Q, Chen Z, Zhou LF, et al. Inhibitory effects of astragaloside IV on ovalbumin-induced chronic experimental asthma. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;86:449–457.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Xiong YY, Wu FH, Wang JS, et al. Attenuation of airway hyperreactivity and T helper cell type 2 responses by coumarins from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;141:314–321.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Xiong YY, Wang JS, Wu FH, et al. The effects of (+/-)-Praeruptorin A on airway inflammation, remodeling and transforming growth factor-beta1/Smad signaling pathway in a murine model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2012;14:392–400.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Xiong Y, Wang J, Wu F, et al. Effects of (+/-)-praeruptorin A on airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and NF-kappaB signaling pathway in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2012;683:316–324.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen CG, Wang HY, Dai Y, et al. Tripterygium polyglycosid attenuates the established airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Chin J Integr Med 2013;19:282–288.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mao H, Chen XR, Yi Q, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil and triptolide alleviating airway inflammation in asthmatic model mice partly by inhibiting bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2008;8:1039–1048.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang Y, Ma X. Triptolide inhibits IL-12/IL-23 expression in APCs via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha. J Immunol 2010;184:3866–3877.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Gu X, Jiang D, Wang Y, et al. Effects of astragaloside IV on eosinophil activation induced by house dust mite allergen. Mol Med Rep 2012;6:115–120.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Yuan S, Cao S, Jiang R, et al. FLLL31, a derivative of curcumin, attenuates airway inflammation in a multiallergen challenged mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2014;21:128–136.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Park S, Park MS, Jung KH, et al. Treatment with pyranopyran-1, 8-dione attenuates airway responses in cockroach allergen sensitized asthma in mice. PLoS One 2014;9:e87558.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Yuan Y, Yang B, Ye Z, et al. Sceptridium ternatum extract exerts antiasthmatic effects by regulating Th1/Th2 balance and the expression levels of leukotriene receptors in a mouse asthma model. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;149:701–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang N, Patil S, Zhuge J, et al. Glycyrrhiza uralensis flavonoids present in anti-asthma formula, ASHMI, inhibit memory Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2013;27:1381–1391.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Yang N, Liang B, Srivastava K, et al. The Sophora flavescens flavonoid compound trifolirhizin inhibits acetylcholine induced airway smooth muscle contraction. Phytochemistry 2013;95:259–267.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Wei M, Chu X, Guan M, et al. Protocatechuic acid suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse allergic asthma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2013;15:780–788.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Townsend EA, Siviski ME, Zhang Y, et al. Effects of ginger and its constituents on airway smooth muscle relaxation and calcium regulation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Bio 2013;48:157–163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gao F, Wei D, Bian T, et al. Genistein attenuated allergic airway inflammation by modulating the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3 and STAT-6 in a murine model of asthma. Pharmacology 2012;89:229–236.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Chu X, Wei M, Yang X, et al. Effects of an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, emodin, on airway responses in a murine model of asthma. Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50:2368–2375.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lee CC, Wang CN, Lai YT, et al. Shikonin inhibits maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and suppresses allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2010;161:1496–1511.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Hsieh CC, Hsiao HB, Lin WC. A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-inhaled murine model. Phytomedicine 2010;17:557–562.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang LC, Lin YL, Liang YC, et al. The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the functions of human monocytederived dendritic cells. BMC Immunol 2009;10:39.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Shi Q, Liu Z, Yang Y, et al. Identification of anti-asthmatic compounds in Pericarpium citri reticulatae and evaluation of their synergistic effects. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009;30:567–575.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Li J, Luo L, Wang X, et al. Inhibition of NF-kappaB expression and allergen-induced airway inflammation in a mouse allergic asthma model by andrographolide. Cell Mol Immunol 2009;6:381–385.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Huang WC, Kuo ML, Li ML, et al. Gynostemma pentaphyllum decreases allergic reactions in a murine asthmatic model. Am J Chin Med 2008;36:579–592.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Chiu PR, Lee WT, Chu YT, et al. Effect of the Chinese herb extract osthol on IL-4-induced eotaxin expression in BEAS-2B cells. Pediatr Neonatol 2008;49:135–140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Chen ML, Lin BF. Effects of triterpenoid-rich extracts of Ganoderma tsugae on airway hyperreactivity and Th2 responses in vivo. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007;143:21–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ko WC, Shih CM, Leu IJ, et al. Mechanisms of relaxant action of luteolin in isolated guinea pig trachea. Planta Med 2005;71:406–411.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kuo YC, Tsai WJ, Wang JY, et al. Regulation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids cell function by the immunomodulatory agents from Cordyceps sinensis. Life Sci 2001;68:1067–1082.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Liu W, Wang Y, He D, et al. Antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating effects of quinazoline alkaloids (+/-)-vasicine, deoxyvasicine, and (+/-)-vasicinone from aerial parts of Peganum harmala L. Phytomedicine 2015;22:1088–1095.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Shin IS, Shin NR, Jeon CM, et al. Thuja orientalis reduces airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Mol Med Rep 2015;12:4640–4646.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ji NF, Xie YC, Zhang MS, et al. Ligustrazine corrects Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 imbalance in a mouse asthma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2014;21:76–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zhao J, Jiang P, Zhang W. Molecular networks for the study of TCM pharmacology. Brief Bioinform 2010;11:417–430.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Burns JJ, Zhao L, Taylor EW, et al. The influence of traditional herbal formulas on cytokine activity. Toxicology 2010;278:140–159.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Wang SD, Lin LJ, Chen CL, et al. Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang attenuates allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in repetitive Dermatogoides pteronyssinus challenged chronic asthmatic mice model. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;142:531–538.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Li XM, Huang CK, Zhang TF, et al. The Chinese herbal medicine formula MSSM-002 suppresses allergic airway hyperreactivity and modulates TH1/TH2 responses in a murine model of allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:660–668.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Srivastava K, Teper AA, Zhang TF, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of the antiasthma Chinese herbal formula MSSM-002 on TH2 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;113:268–276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Zhang T, Srivastava K, Wen MC, et al. Pharmacology and immunological actions of a herbal medicine ASHMI on allergic asthma. Phytother Res 2010;24:1047–1055.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Srivastava K, Zhang T, Yang N, et al. Anti-Asthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention-induced long-lasting tolerance to allergen exposure in an asthma model is interferongamma, but not transforming growth factor-beta dependent. Clin Exp Allergy 2010;40:1678–1688.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Busse PJ, Schofield B, Birmingham N, et al. The traditional Chinese herbal formula ASHMI inhibits allergic lung inflammation in antigen-sensitized and antigen-challenged aged mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010;104:236–246.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Srivastava K, Sampson HA, Emala CW Sr, et al. The antiasthma herbal medicine ASHMI acutely inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction via prostaglandin E2 activation of EP2/EP4 receptors. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013;305:L1002–L1010.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Liu C, Yang N, Song Y, et al. Ganoderic acid C1 isolated from the anti-asthma formula, ASHMI suppresses TNFalpha production by mouse macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthma patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2015;27:224–231.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Srivastava KD, Dunkin D, Liu C, et al. Effect of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention on neutrophil predominant airway inflammation in a ragweed sensitized murine asthma model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014;112:339–347.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Kao ST, Yeh TJ, Hsieh CC, et al. Effect of San-Ao-Tang on immediate and late airway response and leukocyte infiltration in asthmatic guinea pigs. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2000;22:143–162.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Li Y, Fan XS, Yu JH, et al. CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells, Foxp3 gene and protein expression contribute to antiasthmatic effects of San'ao Decoction in mice model of asthma. Phytomedicine 2014;21:656–662.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Gu PC, Fan XS, Jiang CX, et al. Effect of San'ao Decoction on the airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-enhanced asthma. Chin J Integr Med 2011;17:537–541.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Chang HC, Gong CC, Chen JL, et al. Inhibitory effects of inhaled complex traditional Chinese medicine on early and late asthmatic responses induced by ovalbumin in sensitized guinea pigs. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;11:80.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Kao ST, Lin CS, Hsieh CC, et al. Effects of xiao-qing-longtang (XQLT) on bronchoconstriction and airway eosinophil infiltration in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs: in vivo and in vitro studies. Allergy 2001;56:1164–1171.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kao ST, Wang SD, Wang JY, et al. The effect of Chinese herbal medicine, Xiao-qing-long Tang (XQLT), on allergeninduced bronchial inflammation in mite-sensitized mice. Allergy 2000;55:1127–1133.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Ishimitsu R, Nishimura H, Kawauchi H, et al. Dichotomous effect of a traditional Japanese medicine, Bu-zhong-yiqi-tang on allergic asthma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2001;1:857–865.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Suzuki T, Takano I, Nagai F, et al. Suppressive effects of Hochu-ekki-to, a traditional Chinese medicine, on IgE production and histamine release in mice immunized with ovalbumin. Biol Pharm Bull 1999;22:1180–1184.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Yang SH, Kao TI, Chiang BL, et al. Immune-modulatory effects of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in ovalbumin-induced murine model of allergic asthma. PLoS One 2015;10:e0127636.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Zhao Z, Miao Y, Pan P, et al. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan alleviates asthma through multi-target network regulation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013;13:206.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Lin CH, Yeh CH, Lin LJ, et al. The Chinese herbal medicine formula Sheng-Fei-Yu-Chuan-Tang suppresses Th2 responses and increases IFN gamma in dermatophagoides pteronyssinus induced chronic asthmatic mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;984121.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Lin CC, Liou CJ, Chiang CY, et al. Danggui Buxue Tang attenuates eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011;107:501–509.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Zhao LM, Ma LJ, Zhang LX, et al. Shenmai Injection inhibiting the extracellular signal regulated kinase-induced human airway smooth muscle proliferation in asthma. Chin J Integr Med 2010;16:331–336.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Li XH, Tu XY, Zhang DX, et al. Effects of Wuwei Dilong Decoction on inflammatory cells and cytokines in asthma model guinea pigs. J Tradit Chin Med 2009;29:220–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lee KH, Yeh MH, Kao ST, et al. Xia-bai-san inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B in human lung cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;124:530–538.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Lee SK, Wong CK, Sung RY, et al. In vitro anti-allergic activities of a newly concocted traditional Chinese medicine—the wheeze-relief formula. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;103:406–412.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Wei Y, Lyu Y, Li M, et al. Comparison of effect of granules and herbs of Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi-Tang on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Chin Med J 2014;127:3957–3962.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Wang J, Wu J, Kong L, et al. Bushen Yiqi Formula strengthens Th1 response and suppresses Th2-Th17 responses in RSV-induced asthma exacerbated mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;154:131–147.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. O'Byrne PM, Inman MD. Airway hyperresponsiveness. Chest 2003;123:411S–416S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Cockcroft DW, Davis BE. Mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:551–559.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Drazen JM, Finn PW, De Sanctis GT. Mouse models of airway responsiveness: physiological basis of observed outcomes and analysis of selected examples using these outcome indicators. Annu Rev Physiol 1999;61:593–625.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Gilmour J, Lavender P. Control of IL-4 expression in T helper 1 and 2 cells. Immunology 2008;124:437–444.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Palmqvist C, Wardlaw AJ, Bradding P. Chemokines and their receptors as potential targets for the treatment of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2007;151:725–736.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Hamelmann E, Tadeda K, Oshiba A, et al. Role of IgE in the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness—a murine model. Allergy 1999;54:297–305.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Broide DH, Finkelman F, Bochner BS, et al. Advances in mechanisms of asthma, allergy, and immunology in 2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:689–695.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hendeles L, Sorkness CA. Anti-immunoglobulin E therapy with omalizumab for asthma. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:1397–1410.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Sampson AP. The role of eosinophils and neutrophils in inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2000;30(Suppl 1):22–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Simon D, Braathen LR, Simon HU. Eosinophils and atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2004;59:561–570.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Dorman SC, Efthimiadis A, Babirad I, et al. Sputum CD34+IL-5Ralpha+ cells increase after allergen: evidence for in situ eosinophilopoiesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;169:573–577.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Tomaki M, Zhao LL, Lundahl J, et al. Eosinophilopoiesis in a murine model of allergic airway eosinophilia: involvement of bone marrow IL-5 and IL-5 receptor alpha. J Immunol 2000;165:4040–4050.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Ferland C, Flamand N, Davoine F, et al. IL-16 activates plasminogen-plasmin system and promotes human eosinophil migration into extracellular matrix via CCR3-chemokine-mediated signaling and by modulating CD4 eosinophil expression. J Immunol 2004;173:4417–4424.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Ok IS, Kim SH, Kim BK, et al. Pinellia ternata, Citrus reticulata, and their combinational prescription inhibit eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing CCR3+ and Th2 cytokines production in the ovalbumin-induced asthma model. Mediators Inflamm 2009;413270.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Martinez-Losa M, Cortijo J, Juan G, et al. Modulatory effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on human eosinophil apoptosis. Eur Respir J 2007;30:436–442.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Larche M, Robinson DS, Kay AB. The role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:450–463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Kharmate G, Liu Z, Patterson E, et al. Histamine affects STAT6 phosphorylation via its effects on IL-4 secretion: role of H1 receptors in the regulation of IL-4 production. Int Immunopharmacol 2007;7:277–286.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Carneiro ER, Xavier RA, De Castro MA, et al. Electroacupuncture promotes a decrease in inflammatory response associated with Th1/Th2 cytokines, nitric oxide and leukotriene B4 modulation in experimental asthma. Cytokine 2010;50:335–340.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Galli SJ, Tsai M, Piliponsky AM. The development of allergic inflammation. Nature 2008;454:445–454.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Venuprasad K, Kong YC, Farrar MA. Control of Th2-mediated inflammation by regulatory T cells. Am J Pathol 2010;177:525–531.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Fan TP, Deal G, Koo HL, et al. Future development of global regulations of Chinese herbal products. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;140:568–586.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Official Journal of the European Union. Directive 2004/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/regulation/general/general_content_000208.jsp

  95. World Health Organization. General guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicines. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip42e/1.html#Jwhozip42e.1

  96. Pelkonen O, Pasanen M, Lindon JC, et al. Omics and its potential impact on R&D and regulation of complex herbal products. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;140:587–593.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China

    Lu Liu & Lin-peng Wang

  2. University Course of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Lu Liu & Yan Ma

  3. Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Shan He & Yan Ma

Authors
  1. Lu Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lin-peng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shan He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yan Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yan Ma.

Additional information

Supported by the Austrian EURASIA-PACIFIC UNINET Technology Scholarship, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Health (GZ 402.000/0006-II/6b/2012), and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB543203)

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, L., Wang, Lp., He, S. et al. Immune Homeostasis: Effects of Chinese Herbal Formulae and Herb-Derived Compounds on Allergic Asthma in Different Experimental Models. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 24, 390–398 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-018-2836-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-018-2836-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation