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Trace element composition of magnetite from the Xinqiao Fe–S(–Cu–Au) deposit, Tongling, Eastern China: constraints on fluid evolution and ore genesis

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Abstract

The Xinqiao deposit is one of several polymetallic deposits in the Tongling ore district. There are two types of mineralization in the Xinqiao: skarn-type and stratiform-type. The skarn-type mineralization is characterized by iron oxides such as magnetite and hematite, whereas stratiform-type mineralization is characterized by massive sulfides with small amounts of magnetite and hematite. We defined three types of ores within the stratiform-type mineralization by the mineral assemblages and ore structures. Type I ore is represented by magnetite crosscut by minor calcite veins. Type II is a network ore composed of magnetite and crosscutting pyrite. Type III is a massive ore containing calcite and hematite. Type I magnetite is characterized by highly variable trace element content, whereas Type II magnetite has consistently higher Si, Ti, V, and Nb. Type III magnetite contains more In, Sn, and As than the other two types. Fluid–rock interaction, oxygen fugacity (fO2), and temperature (T) are the main factors controlling element variation between the different magnetite types. Type I magnetite was formed by more extensive fluid–rock interaction than the other two types at moderate fO2 and T conditions. Type II magnetite is thought to have formed in relatively low fO2 and high-T environments, and Type III in relatively high fO2 and moderate-T environments. Ca + Al + Mn and Ti + V discrimination diagrams show that magnetite in the Xinqiao deposit is hydrothermal in origin and is possibly linked with skarn.

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Fig. 1

Modified from Pan and Dong (1999), Mao et al. (2011)

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Modified from Xu and Zhou (2001)

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[modified from Tang et al. (1998), Zang et al. (2004), Zhang et al. (2017b)]

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0600207), the Chinese 973 project (2012CB416804), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41503039), and the “CAS Hundred Talents” Project to J.F. Gao (Y5CJ038000). Zhihui Dai and Shaohua Dong are thanked for their LA–ICP–MS and SEM analyses. We also appreciate the field assistance of geologists from the Xinqiao deposit, especially Yixia Wang and Bobo Guo.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Yichang Wang, Jianfeng Gao, Xiaowen Huang, Liang Qi & Chuan Lyu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yichang Wang & Chuan Lyu

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Wang, Y., Gao, J., Huang, X. et al. Trace element composition of magnetite from the Xinqiao Fe–S(–Cu–Au) deposit, Tongling, Eastern China: constraints on fluid evolution and ore genesis. Acta Geochim 37, 639–654 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-018-0286-3

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