Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro germination and micropropagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff.

  • Micropropagation
  • Published:
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The propagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. is difficult as a result of long seed dormancy associated with poor seed germination. The present study was undertaken to develop a protocol to overcome seed dormancy by culture of zygotic embryo axes and then develop an efficient method for micropropagation of Givotia. Best germination frequency (78.3%) was achieved from mature zygotic embryo axes isolated from acid-scarified fresh seeds when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (half-strength major salts) with 28.9 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Efficient plant conversion was achieved by transfer of 10-d-old germinated embryos to MS medium (half-strength major salts) supplemented with 1.2 μM kinetin (KN) and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, acid scarification of 1-yr-old seeds decreased the germination frequency of zygotic embryo axes in comparison to those obtained from non-acid-scarified seeds which germinated (96.2%) and converted into plants (80.3%) on MS basal (half-strength major salts) medium. Multiple shoot bud induction was achieved by culture of shoot tips derived from in vitro germinated seedlings on MS medium with 0.5 μM thidiazuron for 4 wk, and the shoots elongated after transfer to a secondary medium with 1.2 μM KN. A maximum number of 7.8 shoots per explant with an average shoot length of 3.2 cm was achieved after two subcultures on this medium. The in vitro regenerated shoots rooted (41.5%) on half-strength MS medium with 0.5 μM IBA. The in vitro generated seedlings and micropropagated plants were established in soil with a survival frequency of 70% and 60%, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1.
Figure 2.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Babitha, M.; Rao, P. S.; Elusing, M.; Sreenivasulu, A. Effect of auxins on rooting of stem cuttings of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. via hydropit. Indian For. 128: 266–270; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrillo, Y. O.; Guzman, J. M.; Barradas, V. L.; Coronado, M. E. S.; Segovia, A. O. Germination of the hard seed coated Opuntia tomentosa cacti from the Mexico Valley. J. Arid. Environ. 55: 29–42; 2003. doi:10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00268-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S. H.; Yang, J. C. Enhancement of plant formation from embryo cultures of Taxus mairei using suitable culture medium and PVP. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 37: 35–40; 1996.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eapen, S.; Tivarekar, S.; George, L. Thidiazuron-induced shoot regeneration in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 53: 217–220; 1998. doi:10.1023/A:1006060318752.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, A. S.; Randall, J.; Mitchell, J.; Cabin, R. J. Morphological side effects of using gibberellic acid to induce germination. Consequence for the study of seed dormancy. Am J. Bot. 83: 543–549; 1996. doi:10.2307/2445911.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fregene, M.; Ospina, J. A.; Roca, W. Recovery of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants from culture of immature zygotic embryos. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 55: 39–43; 1999. doi:10.1023/A:1026480617164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, C. V.; Zanettini, M. H. B. Embryo culture and embryo rescue for wide cross hybrids. In: Gamborg O. L.; Phillips G. C. (eds) Plant cell tissue organ culture. Fundamental Methods. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 129–141; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huetteman, C. A.; Preece, J. E. Thidiazuron: a potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 33: 105–119; 1993. doi:10.1007/BF01983223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husain, M. K.; Anis, M.; Shahzad, A. In vitro propagation of Indian Kino (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) using thidiazuron. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. — Plant. 43: 59–64; 2007. doi:10.1007/s11627-006-9011-8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. P. A.; Yi, Z.; Murch, S. J.; Saxena, P. K. Thidiazuron-induced regeneration of Echinacea purpurea L.: micropropagation in solid and liquid culture systems. Plant Cell Rep. 26: 13–19; 2007. doi:10.1007/s00299-006-0209-3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, N. K.; Sharma, S.; Shamet, G. S.; Dhiman, R. C. Studies on the effect of auxins and season on rooting of stem cuttings of some important shrubs in nursery beds. Indian For. 118: 893–899; 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiran, D. J. S.; Rao, P. S.; Venkaiah, K.; Saibabu, A. Effect of GA3 on germination of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. seeds. Indian For. 127: 944–946; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A.; Sood, A.; Palni, U. T.; Gupta, A. K.; Palni, L. M. S. Micropropagation of Rosa domascena Mill from mature bushes using thidiazuron. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 76: 30–34; 2001.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matand, K.; Prakash, C. S. Evaluation of peanut genotypes for in vitro plant regeneration using thidiazuron. J. of Biotech. 130: 202–207; 2007. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.02.014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497; 1962. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy, B. N. S.; Murch, S. J.; Saxena, P. K. Thidiazuron: a potent regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol.—Plant. 34: 267–275; 1998. doi:10.1007/BF02822732.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, C. V.; Prasada Reddy, B. V.; Rao, P. S. Mineral composition of various components of seed of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. J. of Tropical Forestry. 17: 77–80; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nautiyal, S.; Singh, U.; Gurumurti, K. Rooting response of branch cuttings of teak (Tectona grandis) as influenced by season and growth hormone. Indian For. 117: 249–255; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nautiyal, S.; Singh, U.; Gurumurti, K. Rooting response of branch cuttings of teak (Tectona grandis) as influenced by growth hormones and position of cutting on the crown. Indian For. 118: 112–121; 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayar, M. P.; Ramamurthy, K.; Agarwal, V. S. Economic plants of India. Vol. 1 & II, Kolkata, India; 1989.

  • Pech y Ake, A.; Maust, B.; Orozco-Segovia, A.; Oropeza, C. The effect of gibberellic acid on the in vitro germination of coconut zygotic embryos and the conversion into plantlets. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.—Plant. 43: 247–253; 2007. doi:10.1007/s11627-006-9018-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pevalok-Kozlina, B.; Kostovic, V.; Slade, D. In vitro propagation of Fibigia triquetra (DC.) Boiss., a rare stenoendemic species. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 51: 141–143; 1997. doi:10.1023/A:1005965114749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan, C.; Kur, S.; Pattnaik, S.; Chand, P. K. Propagation of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. through in vitro shoot proliferation from cotyledonary nodes. Plant Cell Rep. 18: 122–126; 1998. doi:10.1007/s002990050543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preece, J. E.; Imel, M. R. Plant regeneration from leaf explants of ‘Rhododendron’ P. J. M.. Hybrids. Sci. Hort. 48: 159–170; 1991.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambabu, M.; Ujjwala, D.; Ugandhar, T.; Praveen, M.; Upender, M.; Ramaswamy, N. Effect of GA3 on enhancement of in vivo seed germination in Givotia rottleriformis (Euphorbiaceae)—an endangered forest tree. Indian For. 131: 25–30; 2005.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambabu, M.; Upender, M.; Ujjwala, D.; Ugandhar, T.; Praveen, M.; Ramaswamy, N. In vitro zygotic embryo culture of an endangered forest tree Givotia rottleriformis and factors affecting its germination and seedling growth. In Vitro Cell and Dev. Biol.—Plant 42: 418–421; 2006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, P. S.; Bhanja, M.; Venkaiah, K. Propagation of toy making species of Andhra Pradesh. Booklet on Vision—2020. Research for Development, A. P. Forest Department; 1999.

  • Rascio, N.; Mariani, P.; Dalla Vencchia, F.; La Roco, N.; Profumo, P.; Gastaldo, P. Effects of seed chilling or GA3 supply on dormancy breaking and plantlet growth in Cercis siliquastrum L. Plant Growth Reg. 25: 53–61; 1998. doi:10.1023/A:1005960708857.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, R. A.; Mastan, M.; Naidu, C. V.; Rao, P. S. Seasonal variation in rooting response of stem cuttings of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. Ind. J. Forestry. 24: 475–477; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shyamkumar, B.; Anjaneyulu, C.; Giri, C. C. Multiple shoot induction from cotyledonary node explants of Terminalia chebula Retz.: a tree of medicinal importance. Biol. Plant. 47: 585–588; 2003–2005. doi:10.1023/B:BIOP.0000041066.78766.34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somasundaram, T. R. A handbook on the identification and description of trees, shrubs and some important herbs of the forests of the southern states. Southern Forest Rangers College, Coimbatore; 1980: 403 pp.

  • Thammanna; Narayana Rao, K. Medicinal plants of Tirumala (first edition). Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. T. Pretreatment in thidiazuron improves the in vitro shoot induction from leaves in Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an endangered medicinal plant. Acta Physiol. Plant. 29: 455–461; 2007. doi:10.1007/s11738-007-0055-0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, T. D. Thidiazuron induced multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of mulberry. Biol. Plant. 46: 529–533; 2003. doi:10.1023/A:1024807426591.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, U.; Madan, L.; Jaiswal, V. S. Micropropagation of Morus nigra L. from shoot tip and nodal explants of mature trees. Sci. Hort. 44: 61–67; 1990. doi:10.1016/0304-4238(90)90017-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

GP gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance received from the Institute of Life Sciences, Hyderabad and University Grants Commission, New Delhi to carry out this work. We express our thanks to Dr. Vara Prasad, Regional Forest Research Centre, Rajahmundry for permitting us to collect the seeds for the study. We acknowledge UGC-SAP and DST-FIST programmes of School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad for providing infrastructural requirements.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India

    K. Samuel, D. Debashish, B. Madhumita & G. Padmaja

  2. Regional Forest Research Centre, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Siva Ram Prasad

  3. Research and Development Circle, Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

    V. Bhaskara Ramana Murthy & P. S. Rao

Authors
  1. K. Samuel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Debashish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. Madhumita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Padmaja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Siva Ram Prasad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. V. Bhaskara Ramana Murthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. P. S. Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Padmaja.

Additional information

Editor: M. E. Kane

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Samuel, K., Debashish, D., Madhumita, B. et al. In vitro germination and micropropagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff.. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 45, 466–473 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-008-9181-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-008-9181-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation