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Evolution of water quality and biota in the Panjiakou Reservoir, China as a consequence of social and economic development: implications for synergies and trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals

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  • Synergies and Trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals and Targets
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Abstract

Water shortages caused by poor water quality severely affect the sustainable social and economic development of Tianjin City and Tangshan City in China. The Panjiakou Reservoir is located in the Luanhe River mainstream and provides water to the public in both cities since 1983. The evolution of water quality and aquatic community structure in the Reservoir and interactions with the social and economic development of its surroundings (Tangshan City and Chengde City) were analyzed. The relations between these changes and the various interrelated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were also evaluated. From 1984 to 2019, the overall trend of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations first increased and then decreased with economic growth. The organisms with strong ecological adaptability and pollution resistance became dominant species in the aquatic community. These included chlorophyta, cyanophyta and bacillariophyta among phytoplankton, copepods among zooplankton, and tubificidae and chironomidae among zoobenthos. The completion of Panjiakou Reservoir satisfied the water demand of Tianjin City and Tangshan City as well as benefited the economic and social development of the surroundings. However, high levels of pollutants produced by cage fish culture, mineral processing, and tourism threatened the water environment, which would in turn harm society and the economy. Therefore, fish cages were removed and other environmental protection measures were implemented to ensure the safety of drinking water. This study demonstrated that considering comprehensively the individual needs inside and across catchments to minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies was of great significance for coordinating the relations among society, economy, and water resources to achieve sustainable development at the sub-national scale.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

(data source: Li et al. 2019; Li and Feng 2007; Zeng et al. 2012; Tian and Zhang 2011; China Meteorological Administration (https://data.cma.cn/))

Fig. 3

(data source: Wang 2020; Xing et al. 2009)

Fig. 4

(data source: Wang et al. 2003; Feng et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2016)

Fig. 5

(data source: Statistical Yearbook of Chengde City and Tangshan City 1984–2019)

Fig. 6

(data source: Tangshan City Statistical Yearbook 1990–2016, Chengde City Statistical Yearbook 2013–2016)

Fig. 7
Fig. 8

(data source: Liu et al. 2019)

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Funding

The study was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11672139, 51861135314, 41911530081, 5217100359), Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (18YFZCSF00510), and China-Poland Science and Technology Cooperation Committee Regular Meeting Exchange Program (37-14). Fabrice G. Renaud acknowledges funding from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the Natural Environment Research Council’s (NERC) Towards a Sustainable Earth (TaSE) programme, for the project “River basins as ‘living laboratories’ for achieving sustainable development goals across national and sub-national scales” (Grant no. NE/S012427/1).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Mengjiao Wei, Suiliang Huang, Ling Li, Tianqi Zhang, Waseem Akram & Zobia Khatoon

  2. School of Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Glasgow, Dumfries Campus, Rutherford/McCowan Building, Crichton University Campus, Dumfries, DG1 4ZL, UK

    Fabrice G. Renaud

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  1. Mengjiao Wei
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Contributions

SH and MW conceived and designed the research; MW, LL, TZ collected the data; SH, MW, LL, TZ analyzed the data; MW, SH wrote the article; FGR oversaw the section on the SDGs; FGR, SH, ZK, WA edited the manuscript. FGR and SH supervised and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors agreed to authorship and submission of the manuscript for peer review.

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Correspondence to Suiliang Huang.

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Wei, M., Huang, S., Li, L. et al. Evolution of water quality and biota in the Panjiakou Reservoir, China as a consequence of social and economic development: implications for synergies and trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals. Sustain Sci 17, 1385–1404 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01046-2

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