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Solvothermally synthesized Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)xCd1-xO2 cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

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Abstract

In this study, a Ni-Co-Mn-Cd-based precursor was synthesized using a solvothermal method and the Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)xCd1-xO2 cathode materials were prepared using a high-temperature solid-phase method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine the morphology, structure, elemental composition, and electronic state of the pristine and Cd-doped cathode materials. The electrochemical tests indicated that the Cd-doped samples exhibited better electrochemical performance than the pristine material; specifically, at a doping amount of 0.01 mol, the initial discharge capacity was 186.3 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 87.49% after 200 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 72.43% after 300 cycles at a current rate of 2 C, whereas the pristine material only had an initial capacity of 173.2 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 61.25% and 41.09% for the same current rate and cycle number, respectively. In addition, at 8 C, the discharge capacity was 129.8 mAh g−1 for the Cd-doped samples but only 119.6 mAh g−1 for the pristine material. The enhanced electrochemical performance was attributed to the in situ doping modification during the synthesis process of the precursor. This approach effectively stabilized the crystal structure, improved the electronic conductivity of the material, and reduced the impact of the hydrofluoric acid (HF) on the electrode surface due to the generation of CdF2 during the cycle process.

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Funding

This work was supported by Qinghai Provincial Thousand Talents Program for High-level Innovative Professionals, Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (grant no. 2016376), and CAS Hundred-Talent Program; Qinghai Science & Technology projects (grant no. 2016-GX-102).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18th Xinning Road, Xining, 810008, China

    Shengde Dong, Yuan Zhou, Chunxi Hai, Jinbo Zeng, Yanxia Sun, Yue Shen, Xiang Li, Xiufeng Ren, Guicai Qi & Luxiang Ma

  2. Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810008, China

    Shengde Dong, Yuan Zhou, Chunxi Hai, Jinbo Zeng, Yanxia Sun, Yue Shen, Xiang Li, Xiufeng Ren, Guicai Qi & Luxiang Ma

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Shengde Dong, Guicai Qi & Luxiang Ma

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Dong, S., Zhou, Y., Hai, C. et al. Solvothermally synthesized Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)xCd1-xO2 cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 25, 5655–5667 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-03106-1

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