Skip to main content
Log in

Attitudes toward Corporate Responsibilities in Western Europe and in Central and East Europe

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Management International Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

  • This study investigated the attitudes toward social, economic, and environmental corporate responsibilities of 3064 current managers and business students in 8 European countries.

  • Participants in Western European countries had significantly different perspectives on the importance of these corporate responsibilities (CR) than those in Central and East European countries. Within each country, environmental CR is perceived as most important in both CEE and Western European countries. Across countries, Western European respondents accord more importance to social CR and less importance to economic CR. CEE countries are not homogenous, e.g., CR attitudes in the Czech Republic are closer to that of Western Europeans, possibly triggered by the accession to EU.

  • Work experience (managers vs. business students) influences social and environmental orientations more than the economic orientation for only some countries. Generational differences were found as well: Business students attribute more importance to environmental CR and less importance to social CR than managers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agle, B. R., Mitchell, R. K., & Sonnenfeld, J. A. (1999). Who matters to CEOs? An investigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corporate performance, and CEO values. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 507–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilera, R. V., & Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2004). Codes of good governance worldwide: What is the trigger? Organization Studies, 25(3), 415–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C. A., & Ganapathi, J. (2007). Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multilevel theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 836–863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (1996). The social psychology of decision making. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 297–325). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albareda, L., Lozano, J. M., & Ysa, T. (2007). Public policies on corporate social responsibility: The role of governments in Europe. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 391–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreev, A. L. (2008). Russians’ mentality and problems of social inequality. Sociological Research, 47(5), 52–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antal, A. B., & Sobczak, A. (2007). Corporate social responsibility in France: A mix of national traditions and international influences. Business & Society, 46(1), 9–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academic of Management Journal, 28(2), 446–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, K., & Palazzo, G. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: A process model of sensemaking. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), 122–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bies, R. J., Bartunek, J. M., Fort, T. L., & Zald, M. N. (2007). Corporations as social change agents: Individual, interpersonal, institutional, and environmental dynamics. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 788–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birnik, A., & Billsberry, J. (2008). Reorienting the business school agenda: The case for relevance, rigor, and righteousness. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 985–999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branzei, O., & Vertinsky, I. (2002). Eco-sustainability orientation in China and Japan: Differences between proactive and reactive firms. In S. Sharma & M. Starik (Eds.), Research in corporate sustainability: The evolving theory and practice of organizations in the natural environment (pp. 85–122). Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickson, S. L. (2007). Organizational identity orientation: The genesis of the role of the firm and distinct forms of social value. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 864–888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946–967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Schutter, O. (2008). Corporate social responsibility European style. European Law Journal, 14(2), 203–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B. B., Sinkovics, R. R., & Bohlen, G. M. (2003). Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? A review of the evidence and an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Research, 56(6), 465–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann, A., & Franzen, A. (1999). The wealth of nations and environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 31(4), 540–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T. (1996). Values in tension: Ethics away from home. Harvard Business Review, 74(5), 48–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, R. E., Gallup Jr., G. H., & Gallup, A. M. (1993). Of global concern: Results of the health of the planet survey. Environment, 35(9), 6–14, 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egri, C. P., & Hornal, R. C. (2002). Strategic environmental human resource management and perceived organizational performance: An exploratory study of the Canadian manufacturing sector. In S. Sharma & M. Starik (Eds.), Research in corporate sustainability: The evolving theory and practice of organizations in the natural environment (pp. 205–236). Northhampton: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egri, C. P., & Ralston, D. A. (2008). Corporate responsibility: A review of international management research from 1998 to 2007. Journal of International Management, 14(4), 319–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericson, R. E. (1991). The classical Soviet-type economy: Nature of the system and implications for reform. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(4), 11–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2001). Promoting a European framework for corporate social responsibility: Green Paper 2001. http://ec.europa.eu. Accessed 18 Jan 2008.

  • European Commission. (2002). Corporate social responsibility: A business contribution to sustainable development. http://ec.europa.eu. Accessed 18 Jan 2008.

  • Ferraro, F., Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. (2005). Economics language and assumptions: How theories can become self-fulfilling. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 8–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filatotchev, I., Buck, T., & Zhukov, V. (2000). Downsizing in privatized firms in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 286–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, R. H., & Gilovich, T. D. (1996). Do economists make bad citizens? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1), 187–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, R. H., Gilovich, T., & Regan, D. T. (1993). Does studying economics inhibit cooperation? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(2), 159–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgas, J., Vijver, F. J. R. van de, & Berry, J. W. (2004). The ecocultural framework, ecosocial indices, and psychological variables in cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(1), 74–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Getz, K. A., & Volkema, R. J. (2001). Culture, perceived corruption, and economics: A model of predictors and outcomes. Business and Society, 40(1), 7–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, D., & Rasche, A. (2008). Opportunities and problems of standardized ethics initiatives: A stakeholder theory perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 755–773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glaeser, E. L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9(3), 271–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habisch, A., Jonker, J., Wegner, M., & Schmidpeter R. (Eds.). (2005). Corporate social responsibility across Europe. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, J. N. (2003). The relationship of leadership style and CEO values to ethical practices in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(4), 263–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskisson, R. E., Eden, L., Lau, C. M., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 249–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husted, B. W., & Allen, D. B. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the multinational enterprise: Strategic and institutional approaches. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 838–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, N. A., & Angelidis, J. A. (1993). Corporate social responsibility: A comparative analysis of perceptions of top executives and business students. The Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, 29(3), 303–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, N., Angelidis, J., & Howard, D. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: A comparative analysis of perceptions of practicing accountants and accounting students. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(2/3), 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy: The human development sequence. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth without governance. Economia, 3(1), 169–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemmelmeier, M., Krol, G., & Kim, Y. H. (2002). Values, economic, and proenvironmental attitudes in 22 societies. Cross-Cultural Research, 26(3), 256–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klages, H. (2002). Modernization and value change. In W. Friedlmeier, P. Chakkarath, & B. Schwarz (Eds.), Culture and human development: The importance of cross-cultural research for the social sciences (pp. 273–287). Hove: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1981). The meaning and measurement of moral development. Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kornai, J. (1992). The socialist system: The political economy of communism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, C. C. Y., & Tadesse, S. (2006). The MNC as an agent of change for host-country institutions: FDI and corruption. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 767–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenssen, G., & Vorobey, V. (2005). The role of business in society in Europe. In A. Habisch, et al. (Eds.), Corporate social responsibility across Europe (pp. 357–375). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Litovchenko, S., & Korsakov, M. (Eds.). (2003). Corporate social responsibility: Public expectations. Moscow: Assotsiatsiya Meredzherov

  • Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2003). Nature of corporate responsibilities: Perspectives from American, French, and German consumers. Journal of Business Research, 56(1), 55–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, W. J., Lewis, P. V., & Reinsch, Jr., N. L. (1992). Bank ethics: An exploratory study of ethical behaviors and perceptions in small, local banks. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(3), 197–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–886.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W. (2003). Institutional transitions and strategic choices. Academy of Management Review, 28(2), 275–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkston, T. S., & Carroll, A. B. (1994). Corporate citizenship perspectives and foreign direct investments in the U.S. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(3), 157–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D. A. (2008). The crossvergence perspective: Reflections and projections. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1), 27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, A. G., & Smid, M. (2000). The downward spiral and the U.S. model business principles: Why MNEs should take responsibility for the improvement of world-wide social and environmental conditions. Management International Review, 40(4), 351–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Robertson, D. C. (1995). The influence of country and industry on ethical perceptions of senior executives in the U.S. and Europe. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(4), 859–881.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1995). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 1–65). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharfman, M. P., Pinkston, T. S., & Sigerstad, T. D. (2000). The effects of managerial values of social issues evaluation: An empirical examination. Business and Society, 39(2), 144–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava, P. (1996). Greening business: Profiting the corporation and the environment. Cincinnati: Thompson Executive.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sin, L. Y. M., Cheung, G. W. E., & Lee, R. (1999). Methodology in cross-cultural consumer research: A review and critical assessment. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11(4), 75–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singhapakdi, A., Karande, K., Rao, C. P., & Vitell, S. J. (2001). How important are ethics and social responsibility? A multinational study of marketing professionals. European Journal of Marketing, 35(1/2), 133–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D., Skalnik, J., & Skalnik, P. (1999). Ethical behavior of marketing managers and MBA students. Teaching Business Ethics, 3(4), 321–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, J. R., & Hunt, S. D. (1998). Marketing researcher ethical sensitivity: Conceptualization, measurement, and exploratory investigation. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 92–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp, J-B. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1), 78–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svejnar, J. (2002). Transition economies: Performance and challenges. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(1), 3–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasijeviene, N., & Vasiljev, A. (2005). Lithuania. The roadmap: From confrontation to consensus. In A. Habisch, et al. (Eds.), Corporate social responsibility across Europe (pp. 183–193). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan-Whitehead, D. C. (2003). EU enlargement versus social Europe? The uncertain future of the European model. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vynoslavska, O., McKinney, J. A., Moore, C. W., & Longenecker, J. G. (2005). Transition ethics: A comparison of Ukrainian and United States business professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(3), 283–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S. (2008). Building a new institutional infrastructure for corporate responsibility. Academy of Management Perspectives, 22(3), 87–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weeks, W. A., Moore, C. W., McKinney, J. A., & Longenecker, J. G. (1999). The effects of gender and career stage on ethical judgment. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(4), 301–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. A., Longenecker, J. G., McKinney, J. A., & Moore, C. W. (1988). Ethical attitudes of students and business professionals: A study of moral reasoning. Journal of Business Ethics, 7(4), 249–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Olivier Furrer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Furrer, O., Egri, C., Ralston, D. et al. Attitudes toward Corporate Responsibilities in Western Europe and in Central and East Europe. Manag Int Rev 50, 379–398 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0034-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0034-3

Keywords

Navigation