Skip to main content
Log in

Metacarpal fractures: treatment and complications

  • Review
  • Published:
HAND

Abstract

Metacarpal fractures comprise between 18–44 % of all hand fractures. Non-thumb metacarpals account for around 88 % of all metacarpal fractures, with the fifth finger most commonly involved [19]. The majority of metacarpal fractures are isolated injuries, which are simple, closed, and stable. While many metacarpal fractures do well without surgery, there is a paucity of literature and persistent controversy to guide the treating physician on the best treatment algorithm. The purpose of this article is to review non-thumb metacarpal anatomy and treatment protocols for nonoperative management of stable fractures, and compare existing literature on surgical techniques for treatment of acute fractures and complications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agarwal AK, Pickford MA. Experience with a new ultralow-profile osteosynthesis system for fractures of the metacarpals and phalanges. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;57:206–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ali A, Hamman J, Mass DP. The biomechanical effects of angulated boxer's fractures. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1999;24:835–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Qattan MM. Outcome of conservative management of spiral/long oblique fractures of the metacarpal shaft of the fingers using a palmar wrist splint and immediate mobilisation of the fingers. J Hand Surg Eur. 2008;33:723–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Balaram AK, Bednar MS. Complications after the fractures of metacarpal and phalanges. Hand Clin. 2010;26:169–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bannasch H, Heerman AK, Iblher N, et al. Ten years stable internal fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal hand fractures. J Trauma. 2010;68:624–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bostman OM. Metallic or absorbable fracture fixation devices: A cost minimization analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;329:233–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Buchler U, Fischer T. Use of a minicondylar plate for metacarpal and phalangeal periarticular injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;214:53–8.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chin SH, Vedder NB. MOC-PSSM CME article: Metacarpal fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:1–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chow SP, Pun WK, So YC, et al. A prospective study of 245 open digital fractures of the hand. J Hand Surg (Br). 1991;16:137–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chung KC, Spilson SV. The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2001;26:908–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Creighton Jr JJ, Steichen JB. Complications in phalangeal and metacarpal fracture management. Results of extensor tenolysis. Hand Clin. 1994;10:111–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Day CS, Stern PJ. Fractures of the Metacarpals and Phalanges. In: Wolf SW, editor. Green's operative hand surgery. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dumont C, Fuchs M, Burchhardt H, et al. Clinical results of absorbable plates for displaced metacarpal fractures. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2007;32:491–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Facca S, Ramdhian R, Pelissier A, et al. Fifth metacarpal neck fracture fixation: Locking plate versus K-wire? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96:506–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Freeland AE. Hand fractures: repair reconstruction and rehabilitation. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fusetti C, Meyer H, Borisch N, et al. Complications of plate fixation in metacarpal fractures. J Trauma. 2002;52:535–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Givissis PK, Stavridis SI, Papagelopoulos PJ, et al. Delayed foreign-body reaction to absorbable implants in metacarpal fracture treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:3377–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gonzalez MH, Jablon M, Weinzweig N. Open fractures of the hand. J South Orthop Assoc. 1999;8:193–202.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gould JS, Nicholson BG. Capsulectomy of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1979;4:482–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gross MS, Gelberman RH. Metacarpal rotational osteotomy. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1985;10:105–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gudmundsen TE, Borgen L. Fractures of the fifth metacarpal. Acta Radiol. 2009;50:296–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hanel DP. Primary fusion of fracture dislocations of central carpometacarpal joints. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;327:85–93.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Harris AR, Beckenbaugh RD, Nettrour JF, et al. Metacarpal neck fractures: results of treatment with traction reduction and cast immobilization. Hand. 2009;4:161–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hofmeister EP, Kim J, Shin AY. Comparison of 2 methods of immobilization of fifth metacarpal neck fractures: a prospective randomized study. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2008;33:1362–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Holst-nielsen F. Subcapital fractures of the four ulnar metacarpal bones. Hand. 1976;8:290–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Honda H, McDonald JR. Current recommendations in the management of osteomyelitis of the hand and wrist. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2009;34:1135–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hunter JM, Cowen NJ. Fifth metacarpal fractures in a compensation clinic population. A report on one hundred and thirty-three cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:1159–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jones NF, Jupiter JB, Lalonde DH. Common fractures and dislocations of the hand. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;130:722e–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jupiter JB, Koniuch MP, Smith RJ. The management of delayed union and nonunion of the metacarpals and phalanges. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1985;10:457–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lane CS. Detecting occult fractures of the metacarpal head: the Brewerton view. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1977;2:131–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Manktelow RT, Mahoney JL. Step osteotomy: a precise rotation osteotomy to correct scissoring deformities of the fingers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981;68:571–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. McLain RF, Steyers C, Stoddard M. Infections in open fractures of the hand. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1991;16:108–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. McNemar TB, Howell JW, Chang E. Management of metacarpal fractures. J Hand Ther. 2003;16:143–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Omokawa S, Fujitani R, Dohi Y, et al. Prospective outcomes of comminuted periarticular metacarpal and phalangeal fractures treated using a titanium plate system. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2008;33:857–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ozer K, Gillani S, Williams A, et al. Comparison of intramedullary nailing versus plate-screw fixation of extra-articular metacarpal fractures. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2008;33:1724–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Page SM, Stern PJ. Complications and range of motion following plate fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1998;23:827–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Poolman RW, Goslings JC, Lee JB et al. Conservative treatment for closed fifth (small finger) metacarpal neck fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005:CD003210.

  38. Reilly KE, Linz JC, Stern PJ, et al. Osteomyelitis of the tubular bones of the hand. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1997;22:644–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Sakai A, Oshige T, Zenke Y, et al. Mechanical comparison of novel bioabsorbable plates with titanium plates and small-series clinical comparisons for metacarpal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:1597–604.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Schadel-Hopfner M, Wild M, Windolf J, et al. Antegrade intramedullary splinting or percutaneous retrograde crossed pinning for displaced neck fractures of the fifth metacarpal? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007;127:435–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Souer JS, Mudgal CS. Plate fixation in closed ipsilateral multiple metacarpal fractures. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2008;33:740–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Statius Muller MG, Poolman RW, van Hoogstraten MJ, et al. Immediate mobilization gives good results in boxer's fractures with volar angulation up to 70 degrees: a prospective randomized trial comparing immediate mobilization with cast immobilization. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003;123:534–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Stern PJ. Management of fractures of the hand over the last 25 years. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2000;25:817–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Stern PJ, Weiser MJ, Reilly DG. Complications of plate fixation in the hand skeleton. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;214:59–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Strauch RJ, Rosenwasser MP, Lunt JG. Metacarpal shaft fractures: the effect of shortening on the extensor tendon mechanism. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1998;23:519–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Strub B, Schindele S, Sonderegger J, et al. Intramedullary splinting or conservative treatment for displaced fractures of the little finger metacarpal neck? A prospective study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2010;35:725–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Theeuwen GA, Lemmens JA, van Niekerk JL. Conservative treatment of boxer's fracture: a retrospective analysis. Injury. 1991;22:394–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Waris E, Ashammakhi N, Happonen H et al. Bioabsorbable miniplating versus metallic fixation for metacarpal fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;410:310–9.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Westbrook AP, Davis TR, Armstrong D, et al. The clinical significance of malunion of fractures of the neck and shaft of the little finger metacarpal. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2008;33:732–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Winter M, Balaguer T, Bessiere C, et al. Surgical treatment of the boxer's fracture: transverse pinning versus intramedullary pinning. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2007;32:709–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Wong TC, Ip FK, Yeung SH. Comparison between percutaneous transverse fixation and intramedullary K-wires in treating closed fractures of the metacarpal neck of the little finger. J Hand Surg (Br). 2006;31:61–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jerry I. Huang.

About this article

Cite this article

Kollitz, K.M., Hammert, W.C., Vedder, N.B. et al. Metacarpal fractures: treatment and complications. HAND 9, 16–23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11552-013-9562-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11552-013-9562-1

Keywords

Navigation