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Neurodegeneration and Ageing in the HAART Era

  • Invited Review
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Abstract

Cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration still occur despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). While there are many potential reasons for this, there is increasing evidence that such impairment occurs in the absence of a clear cause. Furthermore, there are data that some neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s or an Alzheimer-like illness, are becoming more common in the context of HAART-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. This review will critically examine the evidence underpinning these observations. Potential mechanisms will be discussed with particular emphasis on the effect of ageing and how it overlaps with the effects of HIV disease itself thereby leading to neurodegeneration. The nature of this overlap will then be explored for its potential role in the facilitated expression and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, there will be a brief discussion of interventions to minimize such neurodegeneration including optimization of HAART for brain entry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Level 4, Xavier Building, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia

    Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique & Gilles Guillemin

  2. Applied Medical Research Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia

    Bruce J. Brew & Gilles Guillemin

  3. Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    S. M. Crowe

  4. Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    S. M. Crowe

  5. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University, Chicago, USA

    A. Landay

  6. Brain Sciences Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Lucette A. Cysique

  7. Department of Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Gilles Guillemin

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  1. Bruce J. Brew
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  2. S. M. Crowe
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  3. A. Landay
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  4. Lucette A. Cysique
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  5. Gilles Guillemin
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Correspondence to Bruce J. Brew.

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Brew, B.J., Crowe, S.M., Landay, A. et al. Neurodegeneration and Ageing in the HAART Era. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 4, 163–174 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-008-9143-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-008-9143-1

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