Skip to main content
Log in

Experimental Investigation of Focusing of Gold Planar Plasmonic Lenses

  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To experimentally demonstrate the subwavelength focusing of depth-tuned or non-depth-tuned plasmonic lenses, we first designed this type of lens using diffraction-coupling-angle based method, then fabricated the structure in gold thin film with focused ion beam, and finally characterized its focusing behavior using near-field scanning optical microscope. It is found that this type of lens has a resolution limit on the focal plane due to the field represented by angular spectrum having a cut-off frequency, while at the near field the lens has sub-diffraction limit focusing capability due to the existence of high-angular-frequency components in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ritchie RH (1957) Plasma losses by fast electrons in thin films. Phys Rev 106(5):874–881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Raether H (1988) Surface plasmons on smooth and rough surfaces and on gratins. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lezec HJ, Degiron A, Devaux E, Linke RA, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Ebbesen TW (2002) Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture. Science 297(5582):820–822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Degiron A, Lezec HJ, Yamamoto N, Ebbesen TW (2004) Optical transmission properties of a single subwavelength aperture in a real metal. Opt Commun 239(1–3):61–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Garcia-Vidal FJ, Moreno E, Porto JA, Martin-Moreno L (2005) Transmission of light through a single rectangular hole. Phys Rev Lett 95(10):103901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bethe HA (1944) Theory of diffraction by small holes. Phys Rev 66(7–8):163–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sun ZJ, Kim HK (2004) Refractive transmission of light and beam shaping with metallic nano-optic lenses. Appl Phys Lett 85(4):642–644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gordon R, Brolo A (2005) Increased cut-off wavelength for a subwavelength hole in a real metal. Opt Express 13(6):1933–1938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Shi HF, Wang CT, Du CL, Luo XG, Dong XC, Gao HT (2005) Beam manipulating by metallic nano-slits with variant widths. Opt Express 13(18):6815–6820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Verslegers L, Catrysse PB, Yu ZF, White JS, Barnard ES, Brongersma ML, Fan SH (2009) Planar lenses based on nanoscale slit arrays in a metallic film. Nano Lett 9(1):235–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhan Q (2006) Evanescent Bessel beam generation via surface plasmon resonance excitation by a radially polarized beam. Opt Lett 31(11):1726–1728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen W, Zhan Q (2007) Optimal plasmonic focusing with radial polarization. Proc SPIE 6450:64500D

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang J, Zhou W, Asundi AK (2009) Effect of polarization on symmetry of focal spot of a plasmonic lens. Opt Express 17(10):8137–8143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fu YQ, Zhou W, Lim LEN, Du CL, Luo XG, Zhao ZY, Dong XC, Shi HF, Wang CT (2006) Geometrical characterization issues of plasmonic nanostructures with depth-tuned grooves for beam shaping. Opt Eng 45(10):108001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shi HF, Du CL, Luo XG (2007) Focal length modulation based on a metallic slit surrounded with grooves in curved depths. Appl Phys Lett 91:093111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jia BH, Shi HF, Li JF, Fu YQ, Du CL, Gu M (2009) Near-field visualization of focal depth modulation by step corrugated plasmonic slits. Appl Phys Lett 94:151912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. García-Vidal FJ, Martín-Moreno L (2002) Transmission and focusing of light in one-dimensional periodically nanostructured metals. Phys Rev B 66(15):155412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang J, Zhou W (2010) Nearfield beam shaping through tuning diffraction coupling angles. J Comput Theoret Nanoscience 7(6):1021–1024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang J, Zhou W (2010) Diffraction coupling angle-based design of Au plasmonic structure for subwavelength focusing. J Comput Theoret Nanoscience in press

  20. Kim S, Lim Y, Kim H, Park J, Lee B (2008) Optical beam focusing by a single subwavelength metal slit surrounded by chirped dielectric surface gratings. Appl Phys Lett 92(1):013103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. FDTD Solutions, from Lumerical Solutions Inc, http://www.lumerical.com

  22. Johnson PB, Christy RW (1972) Optical constants of the noble metals. Phys Rev B 6(12):4370–4379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work is financially supported by A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, under SERC Grant No. 072 101 0023.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, J., Zhou, W. Experimental Investigation of Focusing of Gold Planar Plasmonic Lenses. Plasmonics 5, 325–329 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-010-9147-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-010-9147-6

Keywords

Navigation