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Testing fundamental physics with astrophysical transients

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Abstract

Explosive astrophysical transients at cosmological distances can be used to place precision tests of the basic assumptions of relativity theory, such as Lorentz invariance, the photon zero-mass hypothesis, and the weak equivalence principle (WEP). Signatures of Lorentz invariance violations (LIV) include vacuum dispersion and vacuum birefringence. Sensitive searches for LIV using astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and pulsars are discussed. The most direct consequence of a nonzero photon rest mass is a frequency dependence in the velocity of light propagating in vacuum. A detailed representation of how to obtain a combined severe limit on the photon mass using fast radio bursts at different redshifts through the dispersion method is presented. The accuracy of the WEP has been well tested based on the Shapiro time delay of astrophysical messengers traveling through a gravitational field. Some caveats of Shapiro delay tests are discussed. In this article, we review and update the status of astrophysical tests of fundamental physics.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the anonymous referees for insightful comments. This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11673068, 11725314, U1831122, and 12041306), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association (2017366), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (Grant Nos. QYZDB-SSW-SYS005 and ZDBS-LY-7014), and the Strategic Priority Research Program “Multi-waveband gravitational wave universe” (Grant No. XDB23000000) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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  1. Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Jun-Jie Wei & Xue-Feng Wu

  2. School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Jun-Jie Wei & Xue-Feng Wu

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arXiv: 2102.03724. This article can also be found at http://journal.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-021-1049-x.

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Wei, JJ., Wu, XF. Testing fundamental physics with astrophysical transients. Front. Phys. 16, 44300 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-021-1049-x

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