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Improved quantum “Ping-pong” protocol based on GHZ state and classical XOR operation

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Abstract

In order to transmit the secure message, a deterministic secure quantum direct communication protocol which was called “Ping-pong” protocol was proposed by Boström and Felbinger [Boström K, et al. Phys Rev Lett, 2002, 89: 187902]. But the protocol was proved very vulnerable, and can be attacked by an eavesdropper. An improved “Ping-pong” protocol is presented to overcome the problem. The GHZ state particles are used to detect eavesdroppers, and the classical XOR operation which serves as a one-time-pad is used to ensure the security of the protocol. During the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information which an eavesdropper can obtain and the interference introduced. If the eavesdropper gets the full information, the detection rate of the original “Ping-pong” protocol is 50%; the detection rate of the second protocol which used two particles of EPR pair as detection particles is also 50%; and the detection rate of the presented protocol is 75%. In the end, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results show that the improved “Ping-pong” protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Lab of Network and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China

    Jian Li, HaiFei Jin & Bo Jing

  2. Department of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Bo Jing

Authors
  1. Jian Li
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  2. HaiFei Jin
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  3. Bo Jing
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Correspondence to Jian Li.

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Li, J., Jin, H. & Jing, B. Improved quantum “Ping-pong” protocol based on GHZ state and classical XOR operation. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 54, 1612 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4448-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-011-4448-0

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