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Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus promotes accelerated cardiovascular aging and inflammation, which in turn facilitate the development of cardiomyopathy/heart failure. High glucose-induced oxidative/nitrative stress, activation of various pro-inflammatory, and cell death pathways are critical in the initiation and progression of the changes culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) activation in inflammatory cells and activated endothelium attenuates the pathological changes associated with atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hepatic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we explored the role of CB2R signaling in myocardial dysfunction, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, cell death, remodeling, and fibrosis associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic mice. Control human heart left ventricles and atrial appendages, similarly to mouse hearts, had negligible CB2R expression determine by RNA sequencing or real-time RT-PCR. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized by impaired diastolic and systolic cardiac function, enhanced myocardial CB2R expression, oxidative/nitrative stress, and pro-inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), macrophage infiltration, fibrosis, and cell death. Pharmacological activation of CB2R with a selective agonist attenuated diabetes-induced inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress, fibrosis and cell demise, and consequent cardiac dysfunction without affecting hyperglycemia. In contrast, genetic deletion of CB2R aggravated myocardial pathology. Thus, selective activation of CB2R ameliorates diabetes-induced myocardial tissue injury and preserves the functional contractile capacity of the myocardium in the diabetic milieu. This is particularly encouraging, since unlike CB1R agonists, CB2R agonists do not elicit psychoactive activity and cardiovascular side effects and are potential clinical candidates in the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular and other complications.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Intramural Research Program of NIH/NIAAA (to PP). ZVV is supported by the Rosztoczy Foundation. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS.

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  1. MR and PM equally contributed to the manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mohanraj Rajesh, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Sándor Bátkai, Muhammad Arif, Zoltán V. Varga, Csaba Mátyás, Janos Paloczi & Pal Pacher

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Zoltán V. Varga

  3. Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary

    Andrea Lehocki

  4. Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    György Haskó

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  1. Mohanraj Rajesh
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  2. Partha Mukhopadhyay
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  10. Pal Pacher
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Contributions

MR, PM, GH, and PP designed the experiment. MR, PM, SB, CM, and AM performed the experiments. MR, ZVV, PM, AM, and CM performed the analysis. MR, ZVV, GH, AL, JP, and PP wrote/edited the paper.

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Correspondence to Pal Pacher.

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Rajesh, M., Mukhopadhyay, P., Bátkai, S. et al. Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. GeroScience 44, 1727–1741 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00565-9

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