Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) and Bletilla striata (BS) are widely used and planted as tuber traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMMs). Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major causes of soil pollution and challenge to the quality and safety of TCMMs. Understanding the absorption and distribution of Cd is important for addressing the risks posed by its residues. As a result, the higher Cd translocation factor (TF) results in the lower Cd bioconcentration factor (BCF) in the PC tuber than that of BS attributed to a lower Cd concentration in the PC tuber, which guaranteed its safe utilization and edible safety under 1 mg·kg−1 Cd soil. Cd stress overall activated peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and water-extractable polysaccharides in PC (PCP1) to exhibit better antioxidation, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in BS increased by approximately 206–277% to alleviate more severe oxidative damage. Particularly, Cd induced an increase in PCP1 higher than that of water-extractable polysaccharides of BS (BSP1) by approximately 335% to 1351%. PC exhibited effective strategies for alleviating Cd toxicity, including transferring Cd to nonmedicinal parts, increasing polysaccharides, and synergistically activating the enzymatic antioxidant system. This study expands the application for the safe utilization of low-Cd contaminated soil and provides novel insights for tuber TCMMs to alleviate Cd toxicity.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the workers who have helped with the transportation of experimental soils and construction of the experimental site. We thank the American Journal Experts (USA) for assistance with our English language polishing.
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This work was supported by the Project of Major Science and Technology of Sichuan province (grant number 2018SZDZX0028).
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LY and YCK contributed to the study conception and design. Data curation and analysis were performed by HBD and XQW. The first draft of the manuscript was written by LY. WQC and LY reviewed and edited the manuscript. MDX, JXL, and CG contributed to the formal analysis and software. HS, TQA, and WQC contributed to the resources and funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) is safe to utilize in low Cd-contaminated soil.
• Excellent up-transport ability contributes to reduce the accumulation of Cd in tuber.
• Appropriate Cd stress promotes the content of polysaccharides in PC.
• Polysaccharides of PC have better antioxidation than those of Bletilla striata (BS).
• Polysaccharides enhance antioxidative characters to alleviate oxidative stress.
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Yang, L., Kang, Y., Dai, H. et al. Differential responses of polysaccharides and antioxidant enzymes in alleviating cadmium toxicity of tuber traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 60832–60842 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20136-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20136-x